Intracluster light is already abundant at redshift beyond unity

Abstract
Intracluster light (ICL) is diffuse light from stars that are gravitationally bound not to individual member galaxies, but to the halo of galaxy clusters. Leading theories1,2 predict that the ICL fraction, defined by the ratio of the ICL to the total light, rapidly decreases with increasing redshift, to the level of a few per cent at z > 1. However, observational studies have remained inconclusive about the fraction beyond redshift unity because, to date, only two clusters in this redshift regime have been investigated. One shows a much lower fraction than the mean value at low redshift3, whereas the other possesses a fraction similar to the low-redshift value4. Here we report an ICL study of ten galaxy clusters at 1 ≲ z ≲ 2 based on deep infrared imaging data. Contrary to the leading theories, our study finds that ICL is already abundant at z ≳ 1, with a mean ICL fraction of approximately 17%. Moreover, no significant correlation between cluster mass and ICL fraction or between ICL colour and cluster-centric radius is observed. Our findings suggest that gradual stripping can no longer be the dominant mechanism of ICL formation. Instead, our study supports the scenario wherein the dominant ICL production occurs in tandem with the formation and growth of the brightest cluster galaxies and/or through the accretion of preprocessed stray stars.


 
According to this interview it sounds like the plan is to build a structure that would allow Dragon to dock to Hubble and would remain attached after the orbital boost is completed and would provide backup for the gyros etc, sort of like a Mission Extension Vehicle, an EVA would be required to make power and data connections.

 
That is a good idea Flyaway, using Dragon to dock with Hubble and possibly boost the HST to a higher altitude thus preventing the deorbiting and thus extending the mission.
 
The NSF had an artist's conception with the Dragon trunk backed up to Hubble...to avoid nose cap problems.
 
That is a good idea Flyaway, using Dragon to dock with Hubble and possibly boost the HST to a higher altitude thus preventing the deorbiting and thus extending the mission.
Make sense. Without a Shuttle payload bay "tool shed" they can't rummage through Hubble guts as done from 1993 to 2009.
Better to dock a "support module" with gyros and all that is needed to extend Hubble life once again.
Then rinse, repeat every ten years ? Starship may help someday, perhaps providing a new " space tool shed" similar to the Shuttle's in the past.
 
That is a good idea Flyaway, using Dragon to dock with Hubble and possibly boost the HST to a higher altitude thus preventing the deorbiting and thus extending the mission.
Dragon is not a good vehicle for that. Thruster placement is bad. NG's MEV is a better solution.
 
Have you got any photo's or links available Byeman? Just so that I can see the differences between the two?
 
Dragon is not a good vehicle for that. Thruster placement is bad.
The issue is that Crew Dragon has to dock with trunk first on Hubble, to raise it orbit with it thruster.
Now this make EVA easy, but needed spare part are in trunk.

NG's MEV is a better solution.
Better know as Mission Extension Vehicle
Those are build for GEO satellites, not bus size space Telescope with 11600kg mass
you could modified the MEV for this task
but it not open Hubble and replace parts, that Astronaut task

what about compromise ?

a Modified MEV dock on Hubble, were later Drew Dragon dock on for EVA operation.
 
More gyroscope issues for Hubble.

View: https://twitter.com/nasahubble/status/1729977637961916738


NASA is working to resume science operations of the Hubble Space Telescope after it entered safe mode Nov. 23 due to an ongoing gyroscope issue. Hubble’s instruments are stable, and the telescope is in good health:

 
Old age creeping up on Hubble Flyaway? Yet another issue with the Gyroscopes and it has not been that long since the last similar issue.
 
Old age creeping up on Hubble Flyaway? Yet another issue with the Gyroscopes and it has not been that long since the last similar issue.

Isn’t Hubble a couple decades past its mission life? Or at least its last servicing?
 
I suppose that Hubble should have been deorbited last year Josh_TN, but with all the science that Hubble has done currently and in the past NASA has for now had a change of heart on the HST and decided that it is more worth while that it can continue along side the JWST for now.
 
I suppose that Hubble should have been deorbited last year Josh_TN, but with all the science that Hubble has done currently and in the past NASA has for now had a change of heart on the HST and decided that it is more worth while that it can continue along side the JWST for now.

I'm all for running it as long as it continues to work, but I was in middle school when it was launched!
 
Same here Josh_TN, just as long as no more Gyroscopes fail then Hubble should be okay to carry on.
 
NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to Resume Science Operations Soon

Updated, Dec. 7, 2023
NASA plans to restore the agency’s Hubble Space Telescope to science operations Friday, Dec. 8, following a series of tests to gain insight into the gyro performance that caused the spacecraft to pause science operations last week.

After analyzing the data, the team has determined science operations can resume under three-gyro control. Based on the performance observed during the tests, the team has decided to operate the gyros in a higher-precision mode during science observations. Hubble’s instruments and the observatory itself remain stable and in good health. [/quote]

 
Back into safe mode again, same gyro as last November causing issues again.

 
Updated April 30, 2024

Editor’s note: On April 30, 2024, NASA announced it restored the agency’s Hubble Space Telescope to science operations April 29. The spacecraft is in good health and once again operating using all three of its gyros. All of Hubble’s instruments are online, and the spacecraft has resumed taking science observations.

 
They’ve gone over to single gyro operations now to extend its life and believe that Hubble will last until the mid-2030s in this mode. They’ve also rejected the private servicing mission on the basis that the risks to the telescope outweigh the benefits. They haven’t completely ruled out the option for later on.


More here:

 
If SpaceX's Starship can enter service fairly soon then one of its first missions could be to give the HST a long overdue servicing.
 
It would be interesting to see if such a mission could be done NMaude, would it be possible even to boost Hubble to a higher altitude using Starship after the servicing.
 
If SpaceX's Starship can enter service fairly soon then one of its first missions could be to give the HST a long overdue servicing.
no, it far from being able to carry crew fro launch. And service it with what?
And actually too big for this mission
 
It would be interesting to see if such a mission could be done NMaude, would it be possible even to boost Hubble to a higher altitude using Starship after the servicing.
There are spacecraft that can already do that.
 
Thanks Byeman, it will be interesting to see if NASA will fund another mission to Hubble considering just how iconic the HST is, it has lasted a lot longer than the JWST will forcast to last that is for sure.
 
In regards to the Pillars of Creation aka the Eagle nebula this video has been released concerning this iconic nebula:


Made famous in 1995 by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the Pillars of Creation in the heart of the Eagle Nebula have captured imaginations worldwide with their arresting, ethereal beauty.
Now, NASA has released a new 3D visualization of these towering celestial structures using data from NASA's Hubble and James Webb space telescopes. This is the most comprehensive and detailed multiwavelength movie yet of this star-birthing region.
The movie takes visitors into the three-dimensional structures of the pillars. Rather than an artistic interpretation, the video is based on observational data from a science paper led by Anna McLeod, an associate professor at the University of Durham in the United Kingdom. McLeod also served as a scientific advisor on the movie project.
The 3D structures are approximations for how the pillars are lined up in space like a row of trees, based on observational data. The goal is to give viewers an experiential view, so that they can better interpret the otherwise flat, two-dimensional images from telescopes.
 

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