The other land member of the Vulcano family is the 120 mm round, which is being developed to provide a secondary indirect firing capability to main battle tanks (MBTs). Typically the maximum elevation of an MBT gun is around 20°, much less than that of an artillery howitzer, which is born for indirect fire missions, but sufficient to deal with targets at over 10 km distance, allowing a tank formation to hit a beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) target without the need to require the intervention of support units. The
Vulcano 120 programme was made public in July 2025 and is still in the early development phase, a first product being foreseen in three-year time.
Hitting a BLOS objective is not only a matter of range and of overcoming obstacles between the firing platform and the objective, it also needs to guide the projectile on the target. The first iteration of the Vulcano 120 will be fitted with a SAL seeker, hence it needs an illuminator that tracks the target, and at Eurosatory the round mock-up was showcased together with a nominal ISR VTOL drone, a quadcopter, which payload is compatible with that of a miniaturised laser illuminator. The drone would fly well ahead of the tank, acquire the target, and loiter at a range of 2-4 km from the target, which dictates the illuminator range. As Leonardo is considering targets at ranges between 10 and 30 km, this means a flight time of around 20 to 60 seconds if we considering a flat trajectory, the average velocity of the Vulcano 120 being between 500 and 600 m/s.
As said obstacles between the firing platform and the target might impede reaching the objective, due to the limited elevation of MBT guns; Leonardo engineers are therefore working on “uphill” trajectories, exploiting the projectile manoeuvrability since the beginning of the flight. Some 2 to 3 km after launch the manoeuvring capacity of the round comes into play, pulling up the projectile to allow it overcoming vertical obstacles. Trajectory shaping is also used in the final phase of the engagement, to hit the target at the most effective angle or to reach it even if it is hidden close to an obstacle.
Here too Leonardo engineers consider a 10 seconds target illuminating session, a time based on considerations about time of impact uncertainties, energy consumption, cooling and becoming easily detectable.
Tests with the Vulcano 120 have not yet been carried out, however Leonardo considers the activities done with the Vulcano GLD-SAL a risk-reduction factor. The company is currently defining system requirements without linking it to any specific drone or designator. Should line-of-sight engagements at long range (5-10 km) be required, Leonardo considers the Vulcano 120 could cope with this mission, with the aim of neutralising the threat disabling for example its optics rather than destroying it.