Oh Toppu(突風)!! This is the first time for me to see this name. :eek:

突風 means
•a (sudden) gust of wind
or
•a squall
or
•a blast of wind

I find this site.
https://forum.valka.cz/category/view/500610/Kawanisi
 
blackkite said:
Oh Toppu(突風)!! This is the first time for me to see this name. :eek:

突風 means
•a (sudden) gust of wind
or
•a squall
or
•a blast of wind

I find this site.
https://forum.valka.cz/category/view/500610/Kawanisi

Hi blackkite,

Is it a genuine aircraft? There was discussion about its existence and was wondering if this was true

Cherry
 
http://japaneseaircraftofwwii.blogspot.it/2015/03/kawanishi-a8k-projected-fighter-carrier.html

where Mitsubishi A8M seems be A7M3 for carriers .

Nakajima A8N it's new for me
 
CherryBlossom said:
blackkite said:
Oh Toppu(突風)!! This is the first time for me to see this name. :eek:

突風 means
•a (sudden) gust of wind
or
•a squall
or
•a blast of wind

I find this site.
https://forum.valka.cz/category/view/500610/Kawanisi

Hi blackkite,

Is it a genuine aircraft? There was discussion about its existence and was wondering if this was true

Cherry
Sorry I'm not sure. Why was there discussion about Toppu existence? Any evidence? Who said the existence of Toppu?
I have not seen Toppu information in Japanese sources.
 
Ummm......What is the difference between J6K and A8K?

http://forum.valka.cz/topic/view/86276/Kawanisi-A8K1-Toppu
https://forum.worldofwarships.ru/topic/32334-kawanishi-a8k/
https://www.facebook.com/Bruyneel.Patrick/photos/pb.1665620223655805.-2207520000.1476345766./1747193092165184/?type=3
"Kawanishi A8K Toppu 1945 (Japan). Embarked Hunter.
The Kawanishi A8K was a development of the j6k Jinpu, a terrestrial interceptor that had not been retained. It was then modified to be used as an on-board fighter on the Japanese aircraft door to replace the famous zero. It had a folding canopy, was fitted with a NK9H Nakajima Homae 21 1990 CV radial engine. The aircraft was heavily armed and carried
Four 30 mm wing cannons. The prototype was finished at 95% when the war was over."

But no carrier at the day. :-[ Looks like fake?
 

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blackkite said:
Ummm......What is the difference between J6K and A8K?

http://forum.valka.cz/topic/view/86276/Kawanisi-A8K1-Toppu
https://forum.worldofwarships.ru/topic/32334-kawanishi-a8k/
https://www.facebook.com/Bruyneel.Patrick/photos/pb.1665620223655805.-2207520000.1476345766./1747193092165184/?type=3
"Kawanishi A8K Toppu 1945 (Japan). Embarked Hunter.
The Kawanishi A8K was a development of the j6k Jinpu, a terrestrial interceptor that had not been retained. It was then modified to be used as an on-board fighter on the Japanese aircraft door to replace the famous zero. It had a folding canopy, was fitted with a NK9H Nakajima Homae 21 1990 CV radial engine. The aircraft was heavily armed and carried
Four 30 mm wing cannons. The prototype was finished at 95% when the war was over."

But no carrier at the day. :-[ Looks like fake?

That is a shame, at least there is further clarity on the issue.
 
If carrier-based A8K was a fake must be mentioned like fictional in some sources ??? ???
 
Yes anyway we need evidence. ;)
I think it's true that there are no evidence for Toppu existence.
 
blackkite said:
Yes anyway we need evidence. ;)
I think it's true that there are no evidence for Toppu existence.
So could be that carrier-based A8K haven't an officially code ::)
 
Jinpu(陣風) was cancelled in 8th of July 1944.
In 1th of may 1945 there was a meeting between the IJN,IJA and aircraft makers.
In this meeting, there was a discussion about high altitude air superiority fighter(甲戦) development(開発). (Land base fighter.)
Candidates were as follows.
(1)Shiden-kai or Reppu parts utilization plan.
(2)Jinpu base plan.
(3)New design.
And Jinpu base plan did not selected.

Source : "Reppu and Reppu-kai", Gakken, ISBN4-05-602990-3, page168-171.

"The (Toppu)prototype was finished at 95% when the war was over." ← Apparently fake. No Kawanishi engineer said so.

There was a Jinpu development story(開発始末) by famous Yoshiro Ikari(碇義朗) based on Kawanishi engineer Reiji Toyofuku(豊福厲治)'s diary in Maru magazine.(June 1993 page 122-129.) I can't find any description about Toppu. ;)

https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E7%A2%87%E7%BE%A9%E6%9C%97&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiyrbnU8bDVAhWKfLwKHQ0-AiMQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=617
 

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To understand Jinpu is very hard for me,too.
You can see the caption of this picture at the right side bottom of this picture.
J-6-33/32
19-6-1.

19-6-1 means "the first day of June 1944". It was just the before day of the IJN'S J6K wooden mochup first inspection day.
It's true that Kawanishi received the IJN's first inspection by this wooden mockup as J6K. So it's natural to think that this was J6K.
Engine nacelle side air intake might be intercooler cooling air intake. But I can't find intercooler air outlet which must be located side of the fuselage.
Because I imagine this mockup was a almost J3K mockup with MK9B engine. Engine nacell side air intake was for Vulkan coupling drive supercharger.
The IJN inspector claimed this fact and ordered mockup modification.  

And Jinpu cancelletion was told to the factory at the eighth of July 1944.
 

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This picture was taken at 15th and 9th of July 1944. (after cancellation)
I think J6K final design also had engine nacelle side air intakes sama as J3K.
Also I think J6K had intercooler air outlet which must be located side of the fuselage.
These are only my poor opinion which must be corrected.
 

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Amazing drawings as usual my brilliant Justo-san!!:cool:
There are many many mysteries to be solved about WWⅡJapanese military aircraft still now.;)
 
I compare Matsuba-san's Jinpu and Shiden-kai front view (almost same scale).
Jinpu's engine was Nakajima Homare, NK9A-O(Ha45-42), two stage two speed mechanical supercharger with intercooler and forced cooling fan.
Shiden-kai's engine was Nakajima Homare, NK9H, single stage two speed mechanical supercharger.
Both engine diameter were same.(1,180mm)
Shiden-kai's engine ram air intake and oil cooler air intake were located front end of the engine nacelle.
Ram air intake was located top of the engine nacelle and oil cooler air intake was located bottom of the engine nacelle.
Jinpu's engine nacelle was very slim compared with Shiden-kai. It was very hard to have ram air intake behind the forced cooling fan.
Perhaps Jinpu's ram air intake and oil cooler air intake were located outside of the engine nacelle bottom.(Little small size?)
I can't find intercooler air intake in this front view drawing.
 

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You can see Tachikawa Ki94Ⅱ's two intercooler air intakes located under the wing.
The engine was a Nakajima Ha-44. Ha-44 was a powerful 2,400hp class engine.
I want to say that intercooler air intake size is not small.
 

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Shiden-kai's main landing gear tires were retracted under the fuselage.
But Jinpu's main landing gear tires were not retracted under the fuselage.
I think that this means Jinpu's engine ram air intake interfered main landing gear tires when tires retracted under the fuselage.
Narrow main landing gear tread is desirable to realize small moment of inertia around directional axis.
But Jinpu was a high altitude interceptor for B-29 attack, not a air superiority fighter. Jinpu's designer selected high speed performance.

I imagine that Jinpu's first stage mechanical supercharger was a twin blade type which located both side of the fuselage bottom.
Twin intercoolers were located over the first stage supercharger.


 
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In reply #135 we see some of Justo's drawings of the A8K1 'Toppu'. What does 'Toppu' mean? Also, was the name Toppu officially given to this aircraft or is it speculative?
 
Hi! You are very sharp eyed guy. Japanese text says it's unknown instrument. And also says that it might be a FK-3 radar screen. FK-3 was developed by Kawanishi. Weight was 60kg, little heavy.

From "Fighters of the Dying Sun"

When the Japanese industry was able to manufacture radar equipment light enough to be installed on aircraft, the IJN's main interest was in locating enemy ships using ASV (Air-to-Surface Vessel) equipment.

In August 1942 the H-6 Type 3 Mark 6 Model 4 radar entered service, developed by the Oppama Naval Technical Depot and with a range of 100 km against large surface craft. Between 1942 and 1944, a total of 2,000 units of the H-6 ASV were manufactured by Nihon Musen Co. The H-6, also called Kaze-1, weighted 110 kg and was installed in the four-engine Kawanishi H6K5 and H8K2 flying boats with the mission of locating the U.S. Navy task forces.

The H-6 radar was also used by the Nakajima B6N2 and Mitsubishi G4M2 torpedo-bombers to carry out nightly torpedo attacks and by the Nakajima J1N1 of the 321st Kokutai in anti-submarine patrols and night intruder attacks against torpedo boats, with two 250 kg bombs. The Type 3 Model 1 (KMX) magnetic airborne detector was used for anti-submarine patrols by the Aichi E13A1b and Kyushu Q1W1 specialized airplanes.

The antennae configuration was different for each type of aircraft. The single-engine B6N2 used a Yagi transmitter antenna, with four elements, mounted in the leading edge of the starboard wing, and the four ‘T’ dipoles of the UN-954 receiver mounted in the fuselage sides. In the multi-engine aircraft, the Yagi antenna was mounted in the nose.

The H-6 operated on a frequency of 150 megacycles, with 2 m wavelength and 3 Kw power output. On September 1944 the IJN carried out some tests with the FM-1, a new ASV radar developed by Tokyo Shibaura Denki with the same performances as the H-6 and only 70 kg of weight. The prototype was unsuitable for practical use and production was stopped in favour of the more advanced version called FM-3 that entered service in 1945 with 100 units built. The FM-3 operated with 2 m wavelength and 2 Kw power output, weighed 60 kg only and could be used by medium size anti-submarine plans, but its range was reduced to 70 km.

The N6 was another ASV designed to equip small patrol planes and operated with 1.2 m wavelength and 2 Kw power output and weighted 60 kg. Only flying tests were conducted with prototypes. Nihon Musen Co. built 20 units in 1944, but It never entered service. Other ASV projects that were not built were the FK-3, a version of the FM-3 developed by Kawasaki for the J6K1 Jinpu, with PPI display and 60 Kg, and the FK-4, a more powerful version for large patrol planes, with 20 Kw power output and 100 km range.

All these radars used the same type of antennae than the H-6 and had limited capabilities to detect airplanes, but the fuselage receiver dipoles could not search the area ahead of the airplane. The approach to the target had to be oblique to maintain radar contact and its use in nigh fighters was impractical.

The Kasumi-51 was a prototype of cartographic pathfinder radar based on the H2S of a British bomber downed in Rotterdam. In 1944 the Germans sent the Japanese a complete schematic of this equipment which operated at 10 cm wavelength with 5 Kw power output, with parabolic rotating antenna and PPI display. Only three prototypes of the Kasumi-51 were built in 1945. During the flying tests it was confirmed that the distance at which it would pick up the shore was only 20 Km, which discouraged large scale production.

As the war progressed AI (Airborne Intercept) radars was developed from the H-6 to locate the enemy night intruders. Some Nakajima J1N1-S and Kawanishi P1Y2-S Kyokko night fighters were experimentally equipped with H-5/FD-1 radars that didn't work well during operational flying tests. The IJN decided to develop specialized AI radars for night fighters.

In August 1944 the FD-2, developed by the 2nd Naval Technical Institute, entered service with the Gekkos of the 302nd Kokutai. The new AI radar used four nose-mounted Yagi antennae, with five element each, one pair for sending and one pair for receiving. The FD-2 operated with 25 cm wavelength, 2.5 Kw power output and 3 to 10 Km range, weighted 70 kg and a total of 100 units were built.

The FD-2 was used in combat without good results due to the effective countermeasures used by the B-29s. As with the Hirschgeweih antennae used by the Luftwaffe, the Japanese discovered that Yagi antennae generated too much drag, penalizing the performances of the Gekko.

Between September 1944 and April 1945, the firm Tokyo Shibaura Denki tried to develop, without success, a new type of antenna embedded in the wing leading edge to save drag. In August 1944, ten prototypes of the Gyoku-3 AI radar were built, using the direction-finding technique to produce a forward conical scan, with the radiating antenna enclosed in a nose wooden radome and one ‘T’ dipole receiver mounted the under nose. The Gyoku-3 operated in a frequency of 150 megacycles with 3 Kw power output and 4.5 Km range. It was expected to be used in the new Aichi S1A Denko night fighter but did not get into service. Day time flight tests were performed at Yokosuka Naval base in May 1945.

By the end of 1942, the Tama Technology Research Institute, in cooperation with Toshiba Shibaura Denki and Nippon Electric Co, developed for the IJN an airborne ASV radar denominated Taki-1, ‘Ta’ was for Tama and ‘Ki’ for Kuki (Air). The Taki-1 Model 1 operated at 150 cm wavelength with 10 Kw power output and 100 Km range. During flying tests, performed late in 1943, it used two Yagi antennae, with three elements each, mounted on the nose and starboard wing of one Nakajima Ki.49 bomber.

The Model 1 gave satisfactory search performance, but with 150 Kg it was heavy for airborne equipment. The Model 2 was designed in 1944, with only 80 Kg, for the Mitsubishi Ki.67-I Yasukuni torpedo-bomber.

One Yagi antenna, with five elements, was mounted in the starboard wing and two ‘X’ array was mounted on either side of the rear fuselage. Each of these antennae could transmit and receive by means of an automatic switch and all three antennas could be used in rapid rotation, or singly to determine relative direction. One A-Type presentation rangefinder provided accurate ranging. Nihon Musen Co. built 1,000 units of the Model 2 in 1944. A lighter Model 3 had been developed for fighter bombers, but it was still in the laboratory when the war ended.

The Taki-2 was an AI radar based in the German FuG 202 Lichtenstein B/C. It was an 80 cm wavelength ‘radio locator’, with 2 Kw power output and 3 Km range, developed in 1944 for the IJA Kawasaki Ki.45-KAI-Bo night fighter. It used four Yagi antennae with five elements and folded driving dipoles, mounted in the nose plane, with the antennas installed in a transparent radome. Each of these antennae could transmit and receive. A motor driven distributor connected each antenna to the receiver in rapid succession, for azimuth, elevation and range determination. It is believed that at least 12 Toryus were converted to ‘Bo’ configuration and were undergoing operational tests at the time the war ended. It does not seem likely that this set would have given enough directional accuracy for night fighting operations. Early in 1945 studies were being made resulting in the Model III (Tama-3) AI radar, with 20 cm wavelength and 70 Kg weight.

Taki-3 was an airborne ASV sea search radar, developed in August 1943 by the radio department of the Aeronautical Laboratory from Tokyo Imperial University. The Tama Institute rejected the set in 1944 due to its poor performance. Taki-8 was a ‘wave disturber’ jammer designed by the X-band of the B-29. Taki-11 was a high-altitude radio-altimeter (based in the German Siemens FuG 101, with two inverted ‘T’ dipoles mounted under the wings) with 80 cm wavelength and 12,000 to 200 m range. It was developed for the Nakajima Ki.201 jet fighter. Taki-13 was the low-altitude version for the Ki.67 torpedo-bomber, with 150 to 20 m range. A total of 1,000 units were manufactured.

Taki-14 was a prototype of cartographic pathfinder radar, based on the British H2S, with parabolic rotating antenna and PPI display. It operated at 27 cm wavelength, with 2 Kw power output and 2 Km range, with just one prototype being built by Tokyo Shibaura Denki Co. in 1945. Taki-15 Type I was an airborne IFF transponder, with 150 Km range, for the emissions of the Tachi-3 ground radar. It was developed for the Ki.201 jet fighter with one rod antenna mounted in the back of the rear fuselage.

Flight tests showed heavy interferences caused by corona effect at high-altitude, a defect that was amended in the Type II refined version using a T-R tube to protect the receiver and one rod antenna mounted under the fuselage belly. Hundred and twenty units were built in 1945.

Taki-23 was a jammer covering the wave lengths from 7 meters to 80 centimetres.

Taki-24 was a version of the Taki-14 with 10 cm wavelength. Taki-30 was an IFF device with rod antenna, carried by the Ki.201 interceptor to indicate to the ground system Tachi-28 its accurate location. Fifty units were built in 1945. Taki-34 was a version of the Taki-24 developed by Sumitomo Co. in November 1944, with 5 cm wavelength, 10 Kw power output and 80 cm parabolic antenna.

As a result of the raid carried out by Doolittle bombers in April 1942, the IJA began the construction of a chain of 14 radar sites covering the south and east of the main Japanese islands, from Ashizurimisaki to Shimoshizu, including the island of Hachijo-jima. This radar warning system, equivalent to the British Chain Home, used Tachi-6 radar sets (‘Ta’ was for Tama and ‘Chi’ for ground) with 300 km range. When the Saipan-based B-29 heavy bombers made their first raid against Tokyo, in November 1944, they were detected by the Tachi-6 thirty minutes in advance, approximately the time it took for Shoki, Toryu and Raiden interceptors to climb to 9,000 m, the flight altitude of the B-29s.

The problem for the Japanese fighters was that American bombers were flying at more than 700 kph, driven by a strong wind of 220-290 kph. These winter winds, common in the area, had not been foreseen by the Americans and greatly affected the accuracy of the bombardment, who had to use the AN/APQ-7 cartographic radar to locate targets frequently hidden by clouds. Early in March 1945 the AAF staff decided to change the bombing tactic to a series of low-altitude night attacks with M-47 and M-69 incendiary bombs.

Until then the Japanese reaction had not been very effective. Out of the seventy-eight B-29s lost in combat missions between November 1944 and March 1945, fifty-three were for mechanic failures, mainly in engines. The Japanese fighters lacked heavy weapons capable of severely damaging the giants and were forced to fight them through air-to-air bombing and suicide attacks. When the bombers began to be escorted by P-51 day fighters on April, the chances of the twin engine Ki.45, Ki.46 and J1N1 decreased and were withdrawn from service.

Though the majority of 64 sites of Japanese radars provided early warning, some gun-laying Sumitomo Tachi-3 sets directed AA guns and searchlights, but rarely managed to coordinate their performance due to the effective jamming systems Windows and Rope used by the B-29s. The design of these countermeasures was based on intelligence reports that revealed that the Tachi-3 operated at 200 megacycles because it was based on a British GL Mk.II captured in Singapore.

As a result of these tactics, out of more than thirty-one-thousand-and-three hundred
B-29 sorties over Japan, only seventy-four were downed by interceptors (42 of them by ramming) and 20 by the AA guns. Early in 1942 the IJN used two types of ground-based radars. The early warning Mark I Model 1 (3 m, 100 MHz) and the gun-laying Mark IV Model 1 (1.5 m, 200 MHz). A Mark I captured by the U.S. Marines at Guadalcanal in August 1942 allowed the Americans to know firsthand the level achieved by Japanese technology and to design the first countermeasures systems.

In March 1943 a B-24 Ferret, fitted with an APA-24 Direction Finding antenna, performed reconnaissance flights over Kiska Island and discovered signatures of two Mark I radars. Some Consolidated PBY flying boats were also configured as Ferrets, but neither them nor the submarines equipped with SIGINT devices could detect the new typed of Japanese radars in 1943. In February 1944, following the capture of Kwajalein Atoll, the Americans found information about the Mark II Model 2 shipboard radar (10 centimetres, 3 GHz).

Some B-29s were fitted with SIGINT and jammer countermeasures to pick-up Japanese surface radars and other B-29 specialised in jamming missions, known as Porcupines, accompanied the bomber formations. The Japanese also tried to develop
jammers and IFF devices that never got into combat as their performances were considered inferior to those of the American teams that could interfere with them.

Japanese GCI fighter direction was rudimentary and over Japan there was often chaotic radio-communication, with night fighters left to their own devices. The IJA and the IJN used separate warning systems. In June 1944 the Imperial General Headquarters instructed the integration of the Atsugi, Iwakuni and Omura IJN Kokutais into the respective IJA district. As late as March 1945 the IJA/IJN cooperation had been made effective only in Kobe, Nagoya and Kyushu with less than one-fifth of its fighters assigned to home defence.
 
Amazing detailed information!! I have never seen such wonderful and comprehensive information.
 
Here at SPF, we are like Lords of the Sith, digging up long lost and often forbidden knowledge from the deepest mists & the darkest depths. :D
 
Justo-san. How did you get these informations? I can't understand how you get.:)
Mystery.;)Perhaps from the United States.
 
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The eighth generation Japanese naval fighters seem to be surrounded in a lot of mystery (assuming they even exist).
 
There was a Jinpu development story(開発始末) by famous Yoshiro Ikari(碇義朗) based on Kawanishi engineer Reiji Toyofuku(豊福厲治)'s diary in Maru magazine.(June 1993 page 122-129.)
Is this available somewhere online?
 

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https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/odek...news/odekake-plus/news/pickup/202001/13026806

Is there any information on the armor of the J6K?
 
https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/odek...news/odekake-plus/news/pickup/202001/13026806

By the way, where can I find the rest of the photos?
 
https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/odek...news/odekake-plus/news/pickup/202001/13026806

By the way, where can I find the rest of the photos?
Well apparently this magazine contains them but I couldn't find it online
 
https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/odek...news/odekake-plus/news/pickup/202001/13026806

Is there any information on the armor of the J6K?
Unfortunately I can't find any information about the armor of the J6K,
 
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