Vulcano 120mm?!? nice!

So, if a 127L54 throwing a shell at ~2500fps(760m/s) will punt the Vulcano shell out to 100km, how much farther will it go when it's
EDR - Leonardo Vulcano 120 mm ammunition: guided indirect fire capability for MBTs
Compared to artillery systems, which maximum elevation ranges between +65° and +75°, MBTs have a much lower elevation, usually under 20°; this of course limits maximum range when firing in indirect mode. “According to our preliminary estimates our Vulcano 120 will be able to cover the range from 10 to 30 km, considering an average 15° elevation,” Mauro Pellegri said.
One reason why i like the ARC 3.0. The double trunnion could allow hire gun elevations, especially when combined with an active suspension.
 

"To counter the number one enemy of modern tanks—the APFSDS"

Absolutely delusional statement that partially explains the stagnation of European armor development.
APFSDS is not the number one enemy of modern tanks. Nor number two. Or three. Is it four? No. Maybe five. Or six.

Numbers 1-2 are HEAT weapons: Drones and ATGMs.
Numbers 3-4 have to be mines and artillery.
I'd also give a higher spot to aviation but that depends on whether that's a mission of said air force and if it's equipped for that.
APFSDS are.... not really there. They're a rare breed.

The interceptors required for APFSDS defeat are also larger and heavier, downgrading APS performance in all other parameters.

Such APS is potentially useful IN ADDITION to a proper hemispheric APS shielding the sides, rear, and top. But France has so far avoided fielding such APS, so alone this anti-APFSDS APS makes very little sense.
 
There looking at 25° right now but one could probaly get even more with an active suspension

I do wonder if future designs will compromise direct-fire cross-section to enhance elevation for precision direct fires... especially given how improved targeting computers/optics (and changing threats) means that having a low profile may matter less.
 
I do wonder if future designs will compromise direct-fire cross-section to enhance elevation for precision direct fires... especially given how improved targeting computers/optics (and changing threats) means that having a low profile may matter less.
Good question. We could see a convergence between the mbt and Self-propelled artillery especially with the larger 130/140mm cannons. Especially with the larger system of system approach this may become a new standard
 
"To counter the number one enemy of modern tanks—the APFSDS"

Absolutely delusional statement that partially explains the stagnation of European armor development.
APFSDS is not the number one enemy of modern tanks. Nor number two. Or three. Is it four? No. Maybe five. Or six.

Numbers 1-2 are HEAT weapons: Drones and ATGMs.
Numbers 3-4 have to be mines and artillery.
I'd also give a higher spot to aviation but that depends on whether that's a mission of said air force and if it's equipped for that.
APFSDS are.... not really there. They're a rare breed.

The interceptors required for APFSDS defeat are also larger and heavier, downgrading APS performance in all other parameters.

Such APS is potentially useful IN ADDITION to a proper hemispheric APS shielding the sides, rear, and top. But France has so far avoided fielding such APS, so alone this anti-APFSDS APS makes very little sense.

How about you watch the video ?
Drones are very much a concern.

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuJLqpu_x0E&t=127s
 
How about you watch the video ?
Drones are very much a concern.

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuJLqpu_x0E&t=127s
Hmm, the really silly part is the gun, not the APS, just within internal logic

If APS can shoot down the Dart, there is no point what so ever trying to defeat armor with guns. For one thing, guns can't be upgraded to have meaningfully higher velocity relative defensive systems, and upgrade likely demands new vehicle anyways. This is unlike with low acceleration projectiles that where one can fit all kinds of penetration aids on top long after initial introduction, or offensives capability build around saturation that'd likely still somewhat work after generations of enemy defensive systems.

APS will need to shoot down hypervelocity projectiles for the vehicle survive independently, as someone will certainly come up with the idea of having a octocopter lift a CKEM if someone actually spend the big bucks to protect tank from slower projectiles.

Also, can't see APS defeat a platoon of AMOS dumping MRSI on it anytime short of hammer's slammers, and that was 20 years ago.
 
Drones are a concern, and APFSDS are not the number 1 threat to MBTs.
Drones and ATGMs with HEAT warheads are the greater-in-number threats to an MBT. But composite armor and ERA/NERA works well enough at the moment.

Thing is, composite armor and ERA/NERA don't work anywhere near as well against long-rods. Which is why the response to an opposing tank being spotted is "Gunner, Tank, SABOT!" And not "Gunner, Tank, HEAT."

Once your APS can handle top-attack weapons and 1700m/s Sabots, there's not much reason to put a pile of armor on the front of a tank anymore. Instead you armor a lot more evenly to the level of whatever the MRAP standards demand.
 
Drones and ATGMs with HEAT warheads are the greater-in-number threats to an MBT. But composite armor and ERA/NERA works well enough at the moment.
Most MBTs and AFVs today only have enough armor at the front, and will not be able to resist a tandem charge carrying drone or ATGM to the sides, let alone the top and rear.
In NATO, no nation has so far managed to even equip most of their forces with APS.
Although even if they did, an APS would still require some armor to absorb the residual penetration of a shaped charge. The very minimal top armor on most vehicles is a clear obstacle to that.

So "passive armor" is insufficient at the moment. Even with APS on, the biggest deployers of APS - Israel, USA - refuse to reduce the physical armor beneath it.


Thing is, composite armor and ERA/NERA don't work anywhere near as well against long-rods. Which is why the response to an opposing tank being spotted is "Gunner, Tank, SABOT!" And not "Gunner, Tank, HEAT."
That's great. But actually meeting another tank in combat is a rare thing.
One should still plan for it. Have the armor, even APS for it if possible. But it is not the number one threat. Not by a long shot. And claiming so is delusional.
Proof of the existence of such obsolete mindset is the late adoption of APS in Europe, about 15 years late to be precise.


Once your APS can handle top-attack weapons and 1700m/s Sabots, there's not much reason to put a pile of armor on the front of a tank anymore. Instead you armor a lot more evenly to the level of whatever the MRAP standards demand
This so far goes against the wisdom of any APS adopter but I will wait and see.
 
Most MBTs and AFVs today only have enough armor at the front, and will not be able to resist a tandem charge carrying drone or ATGM to the sides, let alone the top and rear.
In NATO, no nation has so far managed to even equip most of their forces with APS.
Although even if they did, an APS would still require some armor to absorb the residual penetration of a shaped charge. The very minimal top armor on most vehicles is a clear obstacle to that.
So "passive armor" is insufficient at the moment. Even with APS on, the biggest deployers of APS - Israel, USA - refuse to reduce the physical armor beneath it.

That's great. But actually meeting another tank in combat is a rare thing.
One should still plan for it.
Have the armor, even APS for it if possible. But it is not the number one threat. Not by a long shot. And claiming so is delusional.
Proof of the existence of such obsolete mindset is the late adoption of APS in Europe, about 15 years late to be precise.
At least the KNDS realizes the importance of bringing a gun ,not a knife, to a gun fight ie the 140mm. They realize the need for a modular removeable turret & gun. When is the rest of the world going to catch up?

Hard not to see this tank as the most protected tank on offer today. Although the West is still a little beyond the Model A phase of APS.

Importantly the robotic wingman is the primary engagment vehicle. Something I have argued. The tank is there to protect the remote controllers primarily.
 
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A long 140mm AT gun is the exact opposite of what tanks need these days. A huge and heavy gun that's optimized for the 1% of Situations where you get into a tank duel.
 
140 mm guns on an armored vehicle is for shooting at tanks 1% of the time, if that.
 
A long 140mm AT gun is the exact opposite of what tanks need these days. A huge and heavy gun that's optimized for the 1% of Situations where you get into a tank duel.
Indeed the 140mm would rarely be necessary but when the modular capability is there it is good, especially as range becomes more tyrannical.
 
Indeed the 140mm would rarely be necessary but when the modular capability is there it is good, especially as range becomes more tyrannical.
You get less ammo for ~zero benefit and substantial development cost.
This is honestly insane procurement inertia, bordering on intentional sabotage.
A long 140mm AT gun is the exact opposite of what tanks need these days. A huge and heavy gun that's optimized for the 1% of Situations where you get into a tank duel.
1% is of course a huge overestimation.
 
At least the KNDS realizes the importance of bringing a gun ,not a knife, to a gun fight ie the 140mm. They realize the need for a modular removeable turret & gun. When is the rest of the world going to catch up?
The rest of the world tested 140mm guns decades ago. These were abandoned because no one yet procured anything with a protection level that could warrant that.
Something that is still yet to happen.

A 140mm vs a 120mm isn't a gun vs a knife. It's like a belt fed vs a standard rifle. For a law enforcement officer.

By the way, turrets and guns are indeed removable on every MBT I can think of right now. So that's where the rest of the world is.

Hard not to see this tank as the most protected tank on offer today. Although the West is still a little beyond the Model A phase of APS.
It has APS on par with those of about a dozen other vehicles. But its base armor protection is unknown. As we know, APS is not a substitute for physical armor.
So it would be hard to see it as such.
Right now the most well armored AFV in the world is the Namer, and it's fitted with an APS as well.
This comparison is irrelevant outside the context of threat types. Is the CAPINT sufficiently protected, even without APS, against current threats? Time will tell if it even materializes.

APS first entered service in 2009, exactly 17 years ago. France has so far been unable to move an APS into service. So whether this APS materializes is also unknown.
As long as it is not being integrated onto existing French platforms, I'd assume it's either a mockup or in early stages of development if at all.
 
The rest of the world tested 140mm guns decades ago. These were abandoned because no one yet procured anything with a protection level that could warrant that.
Something that is still yet to happen.

A 140mm vs a 120mm isn't a gun vs a knife. It's like a belt fed vs a standard rifle. For a law enforcement officer.

By the way, turrets and guns are indeed removable on every MBT I can think of right now. So that's where the rest of the world is.
Obviously turrets r removable. The Russian ones aren't even anchored but free sitting, thus the lollipoping, I heard. KND is ahead on modularity IMHO.
It has APS on par with those of about a dozen other vehicles. But its base armor protection is unknown. As we know, APS is not a substitute for physical armor.
Armor protection is likely to remain classified/proprietary and likely to change per manufacture.
So it would be hard to see it as such.
Right now the most well armored AFV in the world is the Namer, and it's fitted with an APS as well.
The Nammo is not a tank & rightly over amored as a troop carrier.
This comparison is irrelevant outside the context of threat types. Is the CAPINT sufficiently protected, even without APS, against current threats? Time will tell if it even materializes.
Please elaborate on "CAPINT"..have not heard of.
APS first entered service in 2009, exactly 17 years ago. France has so far been unable to move an APS into service. So whether this APS materializes is also unknown.
From the looks in the KND vid these are fragment curtain APS mature German designs..Plenty of vid available on web.
 
Obviously turrets r removable. The Russian ones aren't even anchored but free sitting, thus the lollipoping, I heard. KND is ahead on modularity IMHO.
Modularity means a lot of things. Changing a whole turret is something that could be done a long time ago, but it's generally a very undesirable thing to do. What they more likely mean is the turret is modular in a way that allows switching out existing equipment for other vendors'. Like the optics, sensors, ammunition, comms etc.
In 2026 that's a given. This tank's innovations are elsewhere, and to me yet to be fully seen.

The Nammo is not a tank & rightly over amored as a troop carrier.
Then the Merkavvo is a good example. It is the only MBT right now that comes by default with an all around composite armor protection. Some others attempted this, but due to starting off with an excessively front-biased design, still leave out numerous easily exploitable weak spots.
I hope this will change soon with new MBTs.

Please elaborate on "CAPINT"..have not heard of.
The Frenchie tank you see in the video a few posts above.

From the looks in the KND vid these are fragment curtain APS mature German designs..Plenty of vid available on web.
Germany has one mature APS and that is Rheinmetall's StrikeShield (previously RAP and AMAP-ADS).
It has a distinct look of large slotted panels. Not a "curtain" type system.
France has the Thales Diamant system, which is not mature yet.
 
CAPINT solves the 140mm vs 120mm debate by using 120mm for now, with an upgrade to 140mm if NATO ever moves in that direction.

Likewise it solves the new vs existing chassis debate by picking Leopard A7, the most proven, lowest risk solution out there.

IMHO those are 2 very reasonable tradeoffs which shifts the focus to what matters: 1) How the tank should work with robotic vehicles and drones, 2) The level of active protection needed (both APS and C-UAV), 3) Technology readiness for a fully unmanned turret.

In French tank doctrine each MBT is paired with a lightweight scout vehicle (VBL today, VBAE tomorrow). So you can balance capability by making the scout take on a bigger role, eg. UAV controller, antitank/NLOS missile launcher etc. Robotic vehicles are a natural extension of that, so the MBT is part of a whole rather than being a vulnerable white elephant operating in isolation.
 
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Modularity means a lot of things. Changing a whole turret is something that could be done a long time ago, but it's generally a very undesirable thing to do. What they more likely mean is the turret is modular in a way that allows switching out existing equipment for other vendors'. Like the optics, sensors, ammunition, comms etc.
In 2026 that's a given. This tank's innovations are elsewhere, and to me yet to be fully seen.
Maximum modularity at multiple levels (turret, gun, systems etc.) seems to be a goal here.
Then the Merkavvo is a good example. It is the only MBT right now that comes by default with an all around composite armor protection. Some others attempted this, but due to starting off with an excessively front-biased design, still leave out numerous easily exploitable weak spots.
I hope this will change soon with new MBTs.
Tank air et al mobility is up there w/ weight & cost. The Merk doesn't need be all that air mobile.
The Frenchie tank you see in the video a few posts above.


Germany has one mature APS and that is Rheinmetall's StrikeShield (previously RAP and AMAP-ADS).
It has a distinct look of large slotted panels. Not a "curtain" type system.
France has the Thales Diamant system, which is not mature yet.
KNDS being a Franco German concern Diamant & AMAP tech is probably overlapping & the tech is not new & resembles AMAP IMHO.
 
Tank air et al mobility is up there w/ weight & cost. The Merk doesn't need be all that air mobile.
Yes Mobility is a large part. Based on the latest MTU statements the goal weight for MGCS is/was 54 tons.
KNDS being a Franco German concern Diamant & AMAP tech is probably overlapping & the tech is not new & resembles AMAP IMHO.
AMAP ist Not an KMW product but Rheinmetalls.
 
CAPINT solves the 140mm vs 120mm debate by using 120mm for now, with an upgrade to 140mm if NATO ever moves in that direction.
Options for possible futures always seems smarter.
IMHO those are 2 very reasonable tradeoffs which shifts the focus to what matters: 1) How the tank should work with robotic vehicles and drones, 2) The level of active protection needed (both APS and C-UAV), 3) Technology readiness for a fully unmanned turret.
agreeing too much and those tradeoffs should be primary elsewhere.
In French tank doctrine each MBT is paired with a lightweight scout vehicle (VBL today, VBAE tomorrow). So you can balance capability by making the scout take on a bigger role, eg. UAV controller, antitank/NLOS missile launcher etc. Robotic vehicles are a natural extension of that, so the MBT is part of a whole rather than being a vulnerable white elephant operating in isolation.
absolutely the uncrewed should find & finish whenever possible. cant be enough emphasis. Thus it follows that the 140mm is a candidate as an indirect fire finisher for uncrewed finders.
 
The below appears a be more mature. Getting the MARTE cats hearded sounds difficult.
A rough idea of what the "product" of such a project might look like was only recently revealed at the Eurosatory 2026 defense trade fair in Paris, at the booth of PSM Projekt System & Management GmbH, a 50:50 joint venture between KNDS Germany and Rheinmetall.

Sounds like Rheinmetall AMAP might well be invovled.
https://www.reuters.com/business/ae...-joint-franco-german-project-lags-2026-06-15/
 
Who needs 140mm when there's a 100km range 120mm Vulcano round in existence?
Where is that magic round? For now the, estimate 30km range at most. Even if we are optemistic and say that with a maximum elevation of 30° i highly doubt the range will more than triple
 
Maximum modularity at multiple levels (turret, gun, systems etc.) seems to be a goal here.
That is not necessarily a good goal. Higher levels of modularity come at a cost of specialization for the customer's needs.
Look at the Boxer for example. Most mechanically modular 8x8 on the market.
Yet because of the space demanding AGM turret, its artillery variant is quite awkward.

Tank air et al mobility is up there w/ weight & cost. The Merk doesn't need be all that air mobile.
The Merkava and Leclerc both are from a generation of tanks that also started low (most at 50-ish tons) and gradually grew over the years.
Whatever new MBT anyone puts in service soon, will likely also start at that point and grow to the 60-80 ton range we're used to today.
KNDS being a Franco German concern Diamant & AMAP tech is probably overlapping & the tech is not new & resembles AMAP IMHO.
KNDS has no access to StrikeShield and AFAIK made no arrangements for industrial cooperation with Rheinmetall on it.
Diamant and StrikeShield are different systems with entirely different architecture.
StrikeShield, AFAIK, uses combined expendable EO+RF inside the countermeasure modules.
Diamant has "centralized" non-expendable sensors separate from the munitions.
Who needs 140mm when there's a 100km range 120mm Vulcano round in existence?
The 140mm is pitched as a direct fire option. The Vulcano is an indirect fire round. The two are entirely incomparable.
 
The 140mm is pitched as a direct fire option. The Vulcano is an indirect fire round. The two are entirely incomparable.
I was responding to a statement of "140mm is a candidate as an indirect fire finisher for uncrewed finders."

And honestly 140mm is a terrible direct-fire option, due to how much ammunition onboard/stowed kills you lose. 130mm isn't much better, either.
 
I was responding to a statement of "140mm is a candidate as an indirect fire finisher for uncrewed finders."

And honestly 140mm is a terrible direct-fire option, due to how much ammunition onboard/stowed kills you lose. 130mm isn't much better, either.
I agree.
 
That is not necessarily a good goal. Higher levels of modularity come at a cost of specialization for the customer's needs.
that is great contractor answer.
The Merkava and Leclerc both are from a generation of tanks that also started low (most at 50-ish tons) and gradually grew over the years.
Whatever new MBT anyone puts in service soon, will likely also start at that point and grow to the 60-80 ton range we're used to today.
airmobility demands ~60t. one can accomplish but @ great compromise.
KNDS has no access to StrikeShield and AFAIK made no arrangements for industrial cooperation with Rheinmetall on it.
Diamant and StrikeShield are different systems with entirely different architecture.
StrikeShield, AFAIK, uses combined expendable EO+RF inside the countermeasure modules.
Diamant has "centralized" non-expendable sensors separate from the munitions.
have no reason to believe
 
A long 140mm AT gun is the exact opposite of what tanks need these days. A huge and heavy gun that's optimized for the 1% of Situations where you get into a tank duel.
I agree.
Better use a 90mm or 105mm gun, with very versatile rounds for all the targets except heavy modern MBT. These ones to be targeted with AT missiles or indirect fires.
 
Honestly speaking, IMHO best gun for a 2020s tank increasingly appears to be something built around 3" automatic, with primary focus on small air detection and destruction.

3" gun, installed on a reasonable, optionally-manned vehicle within rough 30t weight class, producible from EV ecosystem - in tens/hundreds of thousands if so necessary.
AP/splinter protection only.

Tank itself isn't outdated, quite the opposite. But MBT is just an animal from a different era, and everything they're showing on eurosatory is honestly making it even worse, not better.
 
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that is great contractor answer.
And it often is true.
airmobility demands ~60t. one can accomplish but @ great compromise.
Air mobility is one thing but train as well as just driving is just as important and both have severe limitations on your vehicle.
The compromise comes mostly in the form of lower protection.
How does it align with your previous assessment of CAPINT exhibiting peak protection?
Which is why the or any of the concept unmanned turrets are less protected.
NO. It is the Rheinmetal proposal, not the german top brass choice.
Nothing has beed decided.
For the next Leopard 2 upgrade / refit, which would 2AX, the german goverment contracted Rheinmetall for the development of 3 types of munition. For now its almost certain the 130mm will be bought atleast for Leopard.
I agree.
Better use a 90mm or 105mm gun, with very versatile rounds for all the targets except heavy modern MBT. These ones to be targeted with AT missiles or indirect fires.
Or stay with the 120mm which is more than good enough without any extra costs.
Honestly speaking, IMHO best gun for a 2020s tank increasingly appears to be something built around 3" automatic, with primary focus on small air detection and destruction.
I would disagree. The current calibers didn't only get so large just because of AT capabilities but also because it brought the needed HE firepower for direct fire. The purpose of an MBT shouldn't be that of an SPAA.
3" gun, installed on a reasonable, optionally-manned vehicle within rough 30t weight class, producible from EV ecosystem - in tens/hundreds of thousands if so necessary.
AP/splinter protection only.
For whats worth ironicly MGCS was allways shown with a C-UAV Wingman (sure often with lasers but some say we aren't that far off). The thing is you still need your big HE slinger yeeting anything from east to west into dust.
Tank itself isn't outdated, quite the opposite. But MBT is just an animal from a different era, and everything they're showing on eurosatory is honestly making it even worse, not better.
We have 1 refit, 1 refit but french and 1 completely newely developted platform with the italien mbt which honestly is the most disapointing vehicle for me. Okay we also got the PSM Tank concept but thats as generic as it can be.

Yet i disagree with your notion of them making it worse. Atleast the french and german concept try to bring a modern turret in a lightweight format while including available C-UAV systems that they believe are needed.
 
Thanks.

The compromise comes mostly in the form of lower protection.
How does it align with your previous assessment of CAPINT exhibiting peak protection?
Didn't say peak protection. To re emphasize we r is "model a+" aps evolutionary phase. As far as curtains go, the euros seem to got 'contemporary' going. APS need to be more preemptive, counter any swarm/complex atk than currently deployed.
 

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