Gizmodo: What are the challenges that come with operating a mission for this long?
Spilker: The spacecraft was built in the 1970s, and so that’s the technology that we had in those days. And we didn’t have very much computer memory, so we had to be very careful and think through what we could do with this tiny amount of computer memory.
So the challenge with these aging components is, how long until a key piece fails? We’re well past the warranty of four years. We also have less power every year, about 4 watts less power so we have to find 4 watts per year to turn off on the spacecraft. The spacecraft had a lot of redundancy on it, so that means two of every computer and two of all the key components. We’ve been able to turn off those backup units, but we’re now at the point where, to really get a significant amount of power, all that’s left are some of the science instruments to turn off. So, that’s where we’re at.
Then, of course, if you have less power, the temperature goes down inside. There’s something called a bus that has all the electronics inside, and that’s getting colder and colder. Along the outside of the bus are these tiny lines of hydrazine that go to the thrusters, so we started to worry about the thermal constraints. How cold can the lines get before they freeze? How cold can some of these other components get before they stop working? So that’s another challenge.
“But we’re hopeful that we can get one, possibly two, spacecraft to the 50th anniversary in 2027.”
Then there are individual tiny thrusters that align the spacecraft and keep that antenna pointed at the Earth so we can send the data back, and they’re very slowly clogging up with little bits of silica, and so their puffs are getting weaker and weaker. That’s another challenge that we’re going through to balance.
But we’re hopeful that we can get one, possibly two, spacecraft to the 50th anniversary in 2027. Voyager’s golden anniversary, and perhaps even into the early 2030s with one, maybe two, science instruments.