According to Wikipedia,
es.wikipedia.org
The Horten H. XVIII was a proposed intercontinenta
l bomber project during World War II based on the design of the Horten Ho 229 , which would possibly have retained the stealth characteristics of the earlier design, as well as a large fuel capacity and a large bomb load, to meet the requirements of the Amerika Bomber program .
Development and design
Ho XVIII (Initial design)
The initial proposal submitted by the Horten brothers for the Ho XVIII long-range bomber project was a high-aspect-ratio flying wing design with six Jumo 004 B
turbojet engines , installed in the wing root and with exhaust nozzles expelling the propulsive flow on the upper surface , along the wing's axis of symmetry.
Their initial design resembled the Ho 229 flying wing prototype , incorporating special features to meet the specifications, such as
the main landing gear, which was jettisoned after takeoff, similar to the Me 163 Komet or the Arado Ar 234 , to save weight, and the wing, constructed of wood and assembled with a carbon-based glue which, according to current studies, reduced the radar signature at the frequency of Allied early warning systems. The initial planned range was 11,500 km with a bomb load of 4,000 kg and defensive armament consisting of two remotely operated turrets equipped with two 30 mm MK 103 cannons each.
The initial design was first proposed for the Amerika Bomber project and was personally reviewed by Reich Marshal Hermann Göring . Following the review, the Horten brothers (with profound dissatisfaction) were forced to share the design and construction of the aircraft with engineers from Junkers and Messerschmitt , who raised objections to the design regarding range, maneuverability, and stability. This forced the brothers to make modifications to the aircraft, based on outdated ideas and biases in aircraft construction stemming from RLM (Reich Air Ministry) directives, which would ultimately reduce the final characteristics of the project.
General characteristics
Crew: 3, Capacity: 3700 kg,
Wingspan
: 40 m, Wing area
: 150 m²,
Empty weight: 11,000 kg,Loaded weight: 28,000 kg, Maximum takeoff weight : 32,000 kg
Power plant: 6× Junkers JUMO 004B axial flow., Normal thrust:: 9 kN of thrust each.
Performance
Never exceeded speed (V ne
) : 900 km/h, Cruising speed (V c ) : 750 km/h
Stall entry speed (V s ) : 192 km/h
Range : 7400 km (expected)
Wing loading : 213 kg/m² at maximum weight
Trust/weight ratio
: 0.16 : 1 at maximum weight
Armament
Projectile weapons: 4 MK 103, two located in the nose of the aircraft and two in a remotely controlled dorsal barbette
Bomb : 3700 kg maximum permitted load, Other: Radiological bomb
Ho XVIIIa
The modification by Junkers engineers was designated
Ho XVIIIa,
with power reduced to four engines instead of the previous six and a
conventional landing gear housed in the engine nacelles, located on the underside of the wings. The three-person crew was located in a bubble canopy in the dorsal section of the aircraft. The aircraft was to be built in enormous concrete hangars and operate from long runways, with production scheduled to begin in the autumn of 1945. However, by the end of the war, in May of that year, no apparent progress had been made. The engineers were once again mistaken, deeming armament unnecessary due to the high performance expected of the aircraft, despite the Horten brothers' reports to the contrary and their calculations, which estimated a reduction in range and maximum speed, making it susceptible to interception upon reaching its target.
General characteristics
Crew: 4, Capacity: 4000 kg
Wingspan: 30 m, Wing area : 115 m²
Maximum takeoff weight : 33100 kg
Power plant: 4× Heinkel HeS 011A axial flow., Normal thrust : 13 kN of thrust each.
Performance
Range : 5,400 km (expected)
Wing loading : 287 kg/m² at maximum weight, Trust/weight ratio : 0.15 : 1 at maximum weight
Armament
Projectile weapons: None, Bomb : 4,000 kg maximum permitted load
Other: radiological bomb
Ho XVIIIb
The designers at Junkers and Messerschmitt designed the Ho XVIIIb variant based on the fuselage of the Ho XVIIIa,
incorporating a massive rudder . It had a turret equipped with two MG151 cannons at the rear of the wing and was powered by
six turbojet engines housed in underwing nacelles. It is unclear whether this general design was developed jointly with the Horten brothers or directly at the direction of the RLM , as little information has survived. What is known is that the proposal was ultimately rejected by the Horten brothers, as it did not represent a significant improvement over the Ho XVIII.
General characteristics
Crew: 4, Capacity: 4000 kg
Length: 19 m, Wingspan: 42 m, Wing area : 194 m²
Maximum takeoff weight : 44000 kg
Power plant
: 6× Junkers JUMO 004H axial flow reactors, Normal thrust : 11 kN of thrust each.
Performance
Range : 9000 km (estimated)
Wing loading : 226 kg/m² at maximum weight, Trust/weight ratio : 0.15 : 1 at maximum weight
Armament
Projectile weapons: 4 Mauser MG 213 in remotely operated twin barbettes
Bomb : 4000 kg maximum permitted load
Other: radiological bomb