Astronomy and Planetary Science Thread

3I/ATLAS is not first Comet with Anti-Tail
Comet Arend-Roland (C/1956 R1) in April 1957 had similar feature (picture)
also a comet in 1851
Comet_Arend-Roland_on_April_27_by_Palomar.jpg


Source
Book "Comet"
by Carl Sagan Ann Druyan 1985
 
Something strange is going on the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly, from Anton Petrov:


Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the major magnetic anomaly on Earth - South Atlantic Anomaly
Links:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...https://www.youtube.com/redirect?ev...ii/S0031920125001414?via%3Dihub&v=yn2r-vNFtuc
Additional videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH_jx9YS8OE
• Earth's Magnetic Field is Changing Too Muc...

• Is Earth's Magnetic Field Flipping? Study ...

• Magnetic North Has Been Acting Strange and...

• Massive Blobs Inside Earth May Be Responsi...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_e_c0QcL6vE
#earth #magnetic #anomaly


0:00 Magnetic anomaly on Earth
1:19 Magnetosphere in a nutshell
2:40 South Atlantic Anomaly
4:20 What's happening here?
5:40 ESA's swarm satellites
6:20 Bizarre results - growing and changing too much
8:10 North pole changes observed too
9:55 Previous such events from recent history
11:20 Why this is important and conclusions
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China Brought Something Unexpected Back From The Far Side of The Moon

Dust from the far side of the Moon has yielded an unexpected microscopic treasure we've never seen before.

A close examination of lunar material collected during the China National Space Administration's Chang'e-6 mission revealed specks of dust from a kind of water-bearing meteorite so fragile it seldom survives the trip through Earth's atmosphere.

It's the first confirmed debris of a type of meteorite known as Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrite – or CI chondrite – ever to be found on the Moon, demonstrating that fragile, water-bearing asteroids can leave microscopic traces embedded in the lunar regolith.
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www.sciencealert.com

China Brought Something Unexpected Back From The Far Side of The Moon

Dust from the far side of the Moon has yielded an unexpected microscopic treasure we've never seen before.
www.sciencealert.com www.sciencealert.com

Related paper:

 
A new Trans-Plutonian planet has been discovered, from The Secrets of the Universe channel:


A new world has just been discovered — far beyond Pluto. This distant object, known as 2017 OF201, takes an astonishing 25,000 years to complete one orbit around the Sun. But that’s not all — this icy world might rewrite what we thought we knew about the Solar System’s outer frontier.​
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For years, astronomers believed that the unusual clustering of several distant orbits pointed to the presence of a mysterious Planet 9 — a hidden giant lurking in the dark. But the discovery of 2017 OF201 may change everything. It challenges the very evidence that once supported the Planet 9 hypothesis, suggesting the cosmic puzzle might be far more complex than we imagined.​
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RESEARCH PAPER: Cheng et al, "Discovery of a dwarf planet candidate in an extremely wide orbit: 2017 OF201", (arxiv) – https://sou42.co/43gmbsa
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Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:30 Dwarf Planets
03:34 The Discovery
07:59 Properties
10:48 Insane Orbit
13:36 Planet 9 Crisis
17:50 Why it Matters
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Has Universe begann as a Black Hole ?
This theory bring the question: how much information of other universe is contain new one ?
Also elegant solution to several cosmology issue like dark energy

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXSV9JaWxCE

0:00 Is universe basically a black hole?
1:10 Defining a black hole and the universe
2:30 How would universe end up inside a black hole?
5:00 Explanations for how this may work
6:35 Rotation and angular momentum
8:05 What this could explain
9:35 Counter evidence and why it's probably not a black hole
13:00 Rotation explanation using the cosmic web
14:00 Conclusions
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Follow-up observations by Webb confirm GRB 250702B is most energetic cosmic explosion ever recorded

The study authors speculate that GRB 250702B was caused by either a very unusual form of a collapsing star or a black hole destroying a small star. Another surprising finding was that the host galaxy is extremely large and incredibly dusty. Usually, GRBs occur in small, young star-forming galaxies. This could mean the environment was important in creating the unusual GRB, as the astronomers point out in their paper.

"The identification of such an exotic GRB in such an unusual galaxy raises the possibility that the environment was important in the progenitor channel creating GRB 250702B," the authors conclude.
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phys.org

Follow-up observations by Webb confirm GRB 250702B is most energetic cosmic explosion ever recorded

Considering the immense size of the universe, it's no surprise that space still holds plenty of secrets for us. Recently, astronomers believe they stumbled upon a kind of cosmic blast never seen before, and it's challenging what we thought we knew about how stars die.
phys.org phys.org

Related paper:

JWST Spectroscopy of GRB 250702B: An Extremely Rare and Exceptionally Energetic Burst in a Dusty, Massive Galaxy at $z=1.036$

We present follow-up observations of the day-long, repeating GRB 250702B with the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Through the identification of narrow hydrogen emission lines at a consistent redshift of $z = 1.036 \pm 0.004$, we calibrate the...
arxiv.org arxiv.org
 
New "Ghost Particles" Data Hints At Why The Universe Is Not Made Of Antimatter

www.iflscience.com

New "Ghost Particles" Data Hints At Why The Universe Is Not Made Of Antimatter

These hints might provide a way to explain the fundamental asymmetry in the universe.
www.iflscience.com www.iflscience.com

Related paper:

www.nature.com

Joint neutrino oscillation analysis from the T2K and NOvA experiments - Nature

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.
www.nature.com www.nature.com
 
Could Ceres Support Life - Interview with Dr. Samuel Courville:

New evidence suggests that Ceres may still harbor subsurface brine, cryovolcanic activity, and internal heat sources capable of sustaining habitable environments. The discussion explores how radioactive decay, methanogenesis, and chemical energy could support life beneath its surface, what salt deposits reveal about ancient liquid water, and whether asteroids like Ceres could have delivered Earth’s oceans—and possibly life itself—featuring Dr. Samuel Courville with John Michael Godier.
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View: https://youtu.be/n2xhFjKeu30
 
Telescope hack opens a sharper view into the universe

Key takeaways

The ability to get detailed views of distant objects in space is limited by the telescope size, so the sharpest details are usually obtained by linking telescopes together. A UCLA-led team of astronomers has used a device called a photonic lantern on a single telescope to get the most detailed view yet of star beta Canis Minoris.

The photonic lantern splits light collected by the telescope into multiple channels based on spatial “mode,” then computational techniques are used to reconstruct a high-resolution image from the photonic lantern outputs.

The new approach to imaging will allow astronomers and astrophysicists to view objects that are smaller and more distant than ever before, unlocking answers to some mysteries.
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newsroom.ucla.edu

Telescope hack opens a sharper view into the universe

It is the first time the novel imaging technique has been used on telescopes.
newsroom.ucla.edu newsroom.ucla.edu

Related paper:

 
New Atira found:

A scientist at the Carnegie Institute for Science has discovered a new asteroid in our neighborhood. Its name is 2025 SC79 and it's the newest member of the Atira asteroid group. These are near-Earth asteroids with orbits entirely within Earth's orbit. Atiras are the least numerous group of near-Earth objects and 2025 SC79 is the 39th member.

Carnegie Science astronomer Scott S. Sheppard discovered the asteroid on September 27 with the Dark Energy Camera on the National Science Foundation's Blanco 4-meter telescope. That telescope searches for killer asteroids, and 2025 SC79 certainly qualifies. 2025 SC79 is about 700 meters (2,300 ft) in diameter. While small compared to the Chicxulub impactor that ended the dinosaurs, that size asteroid would still create a catastrophic impact on a continental scale. Depending on where it landed, it could kill billions of people and animals.
thedebrief.org

Astronomers Just Spotted an Undiscovered Space Object Hiding in the Sun’s Glare—And It’s Moving Extremely Fast

Hidden by the Sun’s glare, a new space object has been found lurking in our Solar System, and it's one of the fastest-moving of its kind.
thedebrief.org thedebrief.org

Other news
www.unexplained-mysteries.com

New study: there is a 1 in 3 chance that we are alone in the universe

Mathematician Dr Veres Antal has authored a new paper outlining the likelihood that nobody at all is out there.
www.unexplained-mysteries.com www.unexplained-mysteries.com
thedebrief.org

Ancient Solar Storms Played a Key Role in the Emergence of Life on Earth, New Study Suggests

New research reveals how powerful coronal mass ejections may have been essential to the rise of life on planet Earth.
thedebrief.org thedebrief.org
 
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Newly discovered ‘super-Earth’ offers prime target in search for alien life

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — The discovery of a possible “super-Earth” less than 20 light-years from our own planet is offering scientists new hope in the hunt for other worlds that could harbor life, according to an international team including researchers from Penn State. They dubbed the exoplanet, named GJ 251 c, a “super-Earth” as data suggest it is almost four times as massive as the Earth and likely to be rocky planet.
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www.psu.edu

Newly discovered ‘super-Earth’ offers prime target in search for alien life | Penn State University

The discovery of a possible “super-Earth” less than 20 light-years from our own planet is offering scientists new hope in the hunt for other worlds that could harbor life, according to an international team including researchers from Penn State.
www.psu.edu www.psu.edu

Related paper:

 
The thing is despite of thousands of exoplanets found none of the professional plots ever show the surface gravitation nor their escape velocity. Guess why. It nice to dump people on these but most wn't have a (space) future.
 
Maybe not for humans, but depositing some kind of life would be noble. The smaller a craft/cargo is--the more robust. Embryos can be frozen but not fully grown people. I can't take many gee forces but protists likely can.

TRAPPIST 2.0?

Comet news

Making the invisible, visible

On gravity

Particles and the universe

The Solitude Zone

Fireballs
https://www.space.com/astronomy/asteroids/12-year-old-discovers-2-possible-new-asteroids
https://www.space.com/astronomy/com...tect-earth-from-dangerous-asteroids-heres-how
https://www.space.com/stargazing/gl...-telescope-footage-a-pure-perspective-miracle

Cosmology

Space Weather Drill

Astronomy tech
https://www.space.com/space-explora...acecraft-imaging-deep-into-the-final-frontier

Interstellar surprise
 
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Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) successfully completed

news.cgtn.com

JUNO completes liquid filling, begins data taking

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) successfully completed filling its 20,000-tonne liquid scintillator detector and begun data taking on Tuesday.
news.cgtn.com news.cgtn.com

Neutrino Experiments In U.S. And Japan Join Forces
www.miragenews.com

Neutrino Experiments In U.S. And Japan Join Forces

Caltech researchers co-lead new study refining what we know about the ghostly particlesVery early on in our universe, when it was a seething hot
www.miragenews.com www.miragenews.com
 
This New Super Earth May Have Liquid Water And It's In Our Neighbourhood

www.universetoday.com

This New Super Earth May Have Liquid Water And It's In Our Neighbourhood

Astronomers have found a new super-Earth only about 20 light years away. At that distance, it's a candidate for direct imaging.
www.universetoday.com www.universetoday.com

That's what makes this age of exoplanet discovery so intriguing. Every Earth-similar world we discover represents another opportunity for life to appear
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Hydrothermal vents may have triggered early molecular chemistry on ancient Earth

www.spacedaily.com

Hydrothermal vents may have triggered early molecular chemistry on ancient Earth

Washington DC (SPX) Oct 23, 2025 - A study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society recreated in the laboratory chemical reactions that may have occurred on Earth about 4 billion years ago, producing the first molecu
www.spacedaily.com
 
Scientists Intrigued by Radio Signals Coming From Comet

Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, which was first discovered in 1812 and visits the Earth roughly every 71 years, has been found to be emanating intriguing radio signals.

As detailed in a new paper published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, a team of astronomers led by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used data collected by the Tianma Radio Telescope during its latest approach to the Sun last year.

The comet is a Halley-type comet, meaning it’s an icy object that has an orbital period of anywhere between 20 and 200 years. Before 2024, its last closest pass was in 1954. Each time it’s come by for a visit, scientists have observed it giving off multiple outbursts of brightness and radio signals.
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futurism.com

Scientists Intrigued by Radio Signals Coming From Comet

Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, which visits the Earth roughly every 71 years, was spotted releasing intriguing radio signals last year.
futurism.com futurism.com

Related paper:

Pre-perihelion radio observations of comet 12P/Pons-Brooks with the Tianma Radio Telescope | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics
www.aanda.org www.aanda.org
 
A couple of videos concerning the asteroid belt from V101 Space channel:


Between Mars and Jupiter drifts a shattered world, the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche. Could this bizarre object be the exposed core of an ancient planet?​
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Now, NASA’s Psyche Mission is on its way, travelling hundreds of millions of kilometres to study this mysterious object up close. It’s the first time humanity will visit a world made largely of metal, a remnant that may once have been the heart of a planet that died billions of years ago.​
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Could Psyche truly be a planet’s exposed core? Or does it tell a different story, one written in molten iron, silicate rock, and the violent history of planetary creation?​
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Timestamps:
00:00 The Asteroid Belt’s Forgotten Giants
01:18 The Metal World Called Psyche
02:43 A Destroyed Planet
03:55 NASA’s Bold Mission to Psyche
Click to expand...


There’s a dwarf planet hiding between Mars and Jupiter… and most people have never even heard of it.Its name is Ceres, a frozen, forgotten world that possibly once held the ingredients for life!​
Click to expand...
In 2007, NASA sent a lone spacecraft called Dawn on a journey through the asteroid belt.What it found would change how we see the Solar System forever, evidence of ancient oceans, cryovolcanoes, and a world that might still be alive beneath its icy crust.​
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This is the story of NASA’s now forgotten explorer… the first mission to visit a dwarf planet, and the world it revealed before falling silent forever.​
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Timestamps:
00:00 – A Lonely Voyager Leaves Earth
01:28 – A Pearl in the Darkness
04:38 – The Silent Giant of the Asteroid Belt
08:37 – The Final Orbit
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A newly found interstellar comet poses absolutely no threat to Earth, but a NASA-coordinated group plans to observe it to help our ability to monitor any future objects that might prove to be hazardous.
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…

The project will serve as a training ground to not only predict the orbit of 3I/ATLAS, but to perform astrometric measurements (meaning, tracking the comet's speed and motion in Earth's sky, relative to objects like stars.) This will be used to inform future observations of comets or asteroids that may be a threat to Earth.
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www.space.com

3I/ATLAS could help protect Earth from dangerous asteroids.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS could help protect Earth from dangerous asteroids. Here's how
www.space.com www.space.com

Related notice from The Minor Planet Centre:

MPEC 2025-U142 : Editorial Notice: Announcement of IAWN Comet Astrometry Campaign

We are the official body that deals with astrometric observations and orbits of minor planets (asteroids) and comets.
www.minorplanetcenter.net www.minorplanetcenter.net
 
Has JWST Finally Found an Exomoon?

www.yahoo.com

Has JWST Finally Found an Exomoon?

Astronomers have yet to find irrefutable proof for any natural satellites of exoplanets—so-called exomoons—but as circumstantial evidence accumulates and the list of candidates grows, the discovery of a true-blue exomoon seems to be looming on the horizon. Using NASA’s James Webb Space...
www.yahoo.com www.yahoo.com
 
But as Scientific American reports, there are other reasonable explanations for the lights identified in the research that are probably more likely. They could be radiation in the upper atmosphere caused by atomic weapons testing, for instance, or sightings of high-altitude balloons that were used to monitor nuclear detonations during the era. Or they might just be cosmological phenomena that are still observed today, like gamma-ray bursts, that were caught on equipment from the era.

One thing’s for certain: the research is controversial — SciAm notes that arXiv.org, a pre-print repository that will generally host a very broad range of studies as they’re scrutinized by the scientific community, declined to accept the paper that was ultimately accepted by Scientific Reports.
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futurism.com

Scientists Find Strange Lights in the Sky in Photographs Before First Satellites Were Launched, Clustered Around When Nuclear Weapons Were Tested

A recent survey uncovered several mysterious objects in the night sky, photographed before the first satellite ever made it to space.
futurism.com futurism.com
 
Now in 3D, maps begin to bring exoplanets into focus

Astronomers have generated the first three-dimensional map of a planet orbiting another star, revealing an atmosphere with distinct temperature zones – one so scorching that it breaks down water vapor, a team co-led by a Cornell expert reports in new research.
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news.cornell.edu

Now in 3D, maps begin to bring exoplanets into focus | Cornell Chronicle

Astronomers have generated the first three-dimensional map of a planet orbiting another star, revealing an atmosphere with distinct temperature zones – one so scorching that it breaks down water vapor, a team co-led by a Cornell expert reports in new research.
news.cornell.edu news.cornell.edu

Related paper:

www.nature.com

Horizontal and vertical exoplanet thermal structure from a JWST spectroscopic eclipse map - Nature Astronomy

JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.
www.nature.com www.nature.com
 
Is the Newly Discovered 2025 PN7 a Natural Quasi-Moon or the Zond 1 Mission?

One problem with identifying 2025 PN7 as the Zond 1 probe is that the object’s closest approach to Earth is about 0.2 au, well shy of the required 0.72 au heliocentric distance. Could this instead be the Blok-L upper stage of the Zond 1 mission? Indeed, could the Blok-L have fallen short of Venus, in the way 2025 PN7 did?
The Zond 1 mission was a failure due to technological complications. Our dynamical calculations show that the Blok-L for the Zond 1 mission may have failed to deliver the required velocity boost ∆V, since after the Blok-L burn Zond 1 needed to conduct an additional burn (possibly to correct for a shortfall) on April 3, 1964. It is questionable whether the Zond 1 probe could have sufficiently corrected for such a ∆V deficit.

Calculation of the Blok-L’s brightness, based on a highly reflective albedo, gives approximately the observed value assuming a dimension of 3.2 meters. Comparing the inclination of 2025 PN7 around the time of Zond 1 launch with that of the spacecraft, we find 2.44 and 3.42 degrees respectively, not that different.

In conclusion, it is possible that 2025 PN7 is the Blok-L upper stage of the failed Russian Zond 1 mission to Venus, though this should be verified by spectroscopic analysis of the object. A measurement of the spectrum of 2025 PN7 could potentially reveal its surface composition and test whether its origin is technological. This was the method used to identify the space object 2020 SO discovered by the Pan-STARRS telescope in Hawaii on September 17, 2020 as the Centaur upper stage of the Surveyor 2 mission to the Moon launched by NASA on September 20, 1966. Pan-STARRS observations showed that the hollow object 2020 SO exhibited non-gravitational acceleration as it was pushed by sunlight. Spectroscopic observations by NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility in December 2020 (as reported here) revealed that the surface spectrum is similar to that of stainless steel, confirming the technological origin of 2020 SO.
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avi-loeb.medium.com

Is the Newly Discovered 2025 PN7 a Natural Quasi-Moon or the Zond 1 Mission?

Is it possible that over the past 4.5 billion years of the Earth’s history, alien civilizations visited the solar System and installed…
avi-loeb.medium.com avi-loeb.medium.com
 
Zond-1 was not a Lunar mission
Interplanetary Probe type Venera 3MV-1
it failed one month after launch to Venus

Zond-2 was probe type Mars 3MV-4A craft
also failed on route to Mars

Zond-3 was Mars 3MV-4A craft
but do technical problems it miss it launch Window.
launch as Test probe into Interplanetary space

from Zond-4 onward Test for Lunar Flyby mission with Soyuz spacecraft.
 

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