There are multiple Russian books, but they are in Russian. Russia seems to have been a paradise for dud designs; lots of sketches got what seem to have been official project numbers. The only English-language reference is Steve McLaughlin's book on Czarist and Soviet battleships, but of course his coverage is limited. There is also a book by Rohwer and another author on Stalin's Seagoing Navy, which includes sketch designs through 1953 (Stalin was very hot on big cruisers).
On the French, all you have are John Jordan's books, but you don't get dud designs. I'm not sure they existed. I have been in the French archives (Vincennes), but they offered very little post-1940. They did have the correspondence files of the French equivalent of BuShips or DNC (STCAN), but I never tried it, because it was so voluminous, without what seemed to be a usable key. I did see files of their main navy council through 1960, and I don't remember many designs which died. There are references to three of them: a dud carrier of ca 1948 (they were broke), a small escort of about 1954 (like a French Type 14), and the nuclear-powered helicopter carrier which preceded de Gaulle, PH 75. There may also have been an abortive post-Clemenceau carrier, which would have been much larger. I got the impression that both postwar and prewar, the French spent design time only on what was likely to be built. The sole prewar case of a dud design was an abortive light battleship which in effect led to Dunkerque. You can find a lot about it in John Jordan's French battleship book. The French did keep designing ships after the 1940 armistice. The carrier designs are described in two French books (Dousset and a new one by Moulins, I think). The destroyer designs were described and, I think, sketched in an issue of the magazine Marines. They mattered because they ultimately helped lead to the postwar Surcouf class destroyers (there were other important influences, including the U.S. Sumner/Gearing class). I would not be surprised if there were cruisers and even submarines, too, but I have never seen any accounts of them.
On the Italians there are books (in Italian) of official history. I don't remember whether you got many dud designs in the process.
This site seems to have more abortive designs for various countries than I have ever seen elsewhere.
Many years ago a British expert began work on a history of the world warship market. He was extremely good, and he was well placed to explore design proposals from British yards, who dominated that market for many years. Unfortunately he died very young from a fast-moving cancer, so I have no idea of what became of his notes. The warship market corresponds to the story of not-builts for the many countries which do not design ships themselves, which of course is the great majority. These are the navies whose projects are often described on this formum, and which are not widely known, hence are of intense interest.