The article makes no reference whatsoever to weapons, but does specifically talk about emplacement and recovery of "deep-ocean devices for ASW work." That's clearly a reference to seafloor sensors. Obviously one can do that without a submarine (because it was done) but Douglas was clearly offering this approach as an option. The proposal was actually right during the initial deployment of SOSUS and the emphasis on seafloor surveying makes sense because they needed to have good survey data to properly emplacement the sensors.
I don't think anything like CAPTOR is envisaged for a couple of reasons. First, that lack of reference to weapons. Second, endurance was between 10 hours and 36 hours (max), which isn't long enough. Third, the use of television cameras and direct vision shows an emphasis on seafloor operations.