Except generally speaking unless you take multiple hits, thats not true.
The Stark and Cole for example was considered still able to fight if needed after their hits, and the Stark was basically in two pieces held together by wires. Heck even the Royal Navy Shit Show at the Falklands showed this when the crew knew what they were doing.
Anti ship missiles do a lot of damage but thye don't do one shot kills unless its a REALLY BIG missile on a small ship. Remember ships are big, at most you losing one sub system (waht you listed) unless you get extremely unlucky. And depending on the system, like say engines, you likely able to bring back up.
Plus you save the MOST IMPORTANT AND EXPENSIVE PIECE.
The Crew.
Who can be transfer off to other ships as needed due to multiple systems being the damn same.
The Cole was fighting flooding for 3 days after the hit. I wouldn't consider that able to fight. Also that was just explosives on a boat without a shaped charge creating a hole and a delayed fuze to burst inside the ship. The ship then needed to be floated back to base. In an actual war a second minimal follow up strike would come to finish it off easily.
One of the missiles that hit the Stark didn't explode and they both hit basically the same place. Yet it lost radar and SM missile fire control immediately and it still took 24 hours to stop the fires.
In the Falklands war the exocets that hit military ships either didn't explode or exploded on the deck of the ship. So that's not a good example of what missile damage is like. The Atlantic Conveyor sunk after 2 hits though it was a commercial ship albeit 15kt.
Modern missiles also target specific sections of ships with some types specifically aiming for engineering spaces, magazine, or radars. You can't bring up turbine engines after they have been damaged, unlike boilers.
With the long lead time of many items, you start the war with as many mission capable ships as you'll ever have. You'll lose mission capable ships faster than you'll lose crew. Meaning allot of the crew will be sitting around with nothing to do. This isn't WW2 or similar where you can just reconnect some pipes, weld plates on the hull, and weld the boiler back together and be ok.
Also trying to conduct damage control on a ship that won't be mission capable for a few years will likely lead to more crew losses than just abandoning ship. Either way the crew is useless if there aren't any mission capable ships for them to man.
The Japanese have especially adopted a low damage control/survivability viewpoint with the Mogami class frigates saying:
"For the Mogami class, damage control and communications are run from the CIC. This has come about for two main reasons – the effectiveness of new generation Chinese anti-ship missiles, coupled with careful analysis of the sinking of the 12,000 tonne Russian cruiser the Moskva by one or two Ukrainian missiles on April 14, 2022. Japanese analysists believe that the Moskva was a highly capable, well defended ship but noted that it sank within a few hours of being attacked.
At the same time, China has been fielding more powerful anti-ship missiles of their own. Japanese officials declined to name exactly which missiles are the ones now giving planners a major headache, but the suggestion is that some of them have larger or more effective warheads – or both – than earlier generation weapons.
The conclusion is that if a modern well protected 12,000 tonne warship can succumb to a strike from a Neptune missile with a 150kg warhead, the chances of survival of a 4-5,000 tonne class ship such as a Mogami are minimal. The PLA(N) equivalent of the Neptune (both are derived from Russian missiles) is the YJ-12, which is understood to have a larger warhead of up to 500kg.
The calculation is simple: there is no need for the Mogami class to have a separate damage control centre because if the ship receives a major hit to the CIC – including from future hypersonic missiles – there will be no point in trying to continue operating. The most likely outcome of such a scenario is that the surviving crew will be heading for the life rafts. This also explains why the ship is without an emergency CIC, with further savings in personnel numbers."
