Royal Navy CV(F): It is 1998, design your candidate!

uk 75

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1998 seems a long time ago now. Yet that is how long it has been since the RN persuaded the Blair Government that what the UK needed was 2 new aircraft carriers, 30 years after another Labour Government had decided they were simply too expensive.

Now you can put the clock back and present your options to the Government. Would you refurbish the Invincibles? Would you get out of the carrier business altogether? Or would you go for broke and build a French style nuclear carrier able to take F18s/Rafales etc?

If the moderators prefer this in the bar, I would argue that there are some experts here who could contribute worthwhile what-ifs. However, please leave discussion of the QE and PofW to existing threads.
 
Refurbish the Invicibles and build more of them. What advantage does the F35 have over the Sea Harrier?
 
A major advantage, if you are Lockheed Martin.
 
Nice quip - how about a more detailed response?
 
CNH

Thank you for entering into the spirit of the thread.

Abraham

Sorry, I do not understand your link to the MOD options. Of course I have seen these and know what they were. The point of this thread is to examine some broader what if alternatives.


As someone who was on the fringes of the discussion in Whitehall of the 1998 Carrier decision I recall it being influenced far more by the recent experience of operations in the Balkans and some very odd MOD computer wargaming which out Clancyed Clancy. What struck me at the time was that noone seemed really sure what a couple of UK carriers were supposed to bring to the party over and above the US contribution. The RN completely failed to spot the elephant trap that they were setting for themselves in that no escorts would be ordered apart from the 6 Type 45s directly as a result of the carrier decision (France had had a similar problem when it had to pay for the De Gaulle).

The core of the problem then as in 1966 was that the UK wanted the same plane as the US Navy but could not afford the carrier necessary to operate it in any reasonable numbers. A conventional catapult equipped carrier had not been built anywhere since the US Kennedys in the 60s. A nuclear carrier was out of the question.

The Italians meanwhile went on to develop and build a perfectly good ship able to operate the Harrier and even the JSF vstol if it ever materialises. We could easily have done the same building on the experience we had with the Invincibles and Ocean.

Abraham. It is in this context that that Boy's Own paper studies you want me to look at should be understood. The outcome was inevitable. We have ended up with a ship far too large for the number of aircraft we can afford and still not able to interoperate with the US and French carriers.

CNH I think that the new build option could have been cheaper than a refurbishment as the Italian ship shows what could be achieved on a somewhat bigger hull. A Hermes sized derivative of Ocean with ski jump and optional use as a helicopter/disaster intervention/headquarters/asw platform would have been the way to go. However, such a ship would not have satisfied the Rule Britannia cravings of the senior Brass and the Blair Government which found expression in Iraq and Afghanistan.

We could have built three perfectly good Hermes sized platforms with a mult-role capability. The Harrier force could have been developed further, with JSF left as a future option if the US Marines managed to get it into service.

Of course the old UK 75 fantasy would have been 2 proper carriers incorporating the lessons of the US CVV programme and CVA 01 capable of operating Rafales/Sea Typhoons/F18s as part of a Task Force composed of 4 Type 45s and 12 new frigates. However, that is as likely as having a Government composed of old fashioned Grouse shooting Etonians who wear tweed and have no idea where Essex is.
 
I don't think this is OT so here goes...

One of the probs that comes with long lead times is that what you need (and what you think you need) changes from when you order to when you receive. When the descisions re the carrier spec were being made, my guess is that naval UAS were not considered. Now, they're quite 'in vogue' (and arguably for good reason). Without a cat, you end up needing either rotary wing ones (hmmmm...) or some other exotic STOVL thingy.

One wonders whether there's merit in a design that, instead of being tied to supporting the operation of aircraft type 'x', is capable of supporting [with reason] whatever the *heck* is chosen for / foisted onto the FAA? I suppose this means one needs 'cats and traps' to be fitted (at a cost) and maintained (at a cost) even if one uses STOVL types...

Not an easy question...
 
UK75 - what a marvellous post!

Couple of points. Why was nuclear power of of the question [I haven't done a comparison of sub reactor with power needed for carrier]?

I think the Navy are stuffed. To operate one of the new carriers + Type 45 escorts will be incredibly expensive. It'll leave no money for anything else.
Hence my choice of new, improved Invincibles + Harrier. At least we can afford it. Anything else is gold plating [Hello? TSR2?].
 
No UK7t5 you're using hindsight again back in 98 we were still looking at 12 Air Defence Destroyers to replace the Type 42's on a one to one basis and were studying the Future Surface Combatant to follow on the Type 23's and Type 22's so the escort issue doesn't come into play. We also have the Harrier and SHAR lined up to be replaced by 150 JSF giving a suitable ready RN airgroup and a surge utilising the RAF aircraft.

Its the noughties and the complete mismanagement of the ship building programme under Labour who diverted the money into keeping the Army in action in far off land based wars. They cut back the Type 45 to 10 then 8 and finally 6, they kept the FSC in a requirement loop and held back the QEC maingate as a carrot and stick to both the Navy and the Ship builders.

Regarding the QEC concept, they actually learn alot from the Falklands, whilst the Invincible was a modern carrier with its benefits the larger capacity of the Hermes proved to be the vital contribution. the CVS were too small and cramped to support a STOVL airgroup for a prolonged period, thats why the wanted the larger ships to support a sufficent airgroup. the Option was either 3 probably Cavour sized STOVL carriers or 2 larger QEC sized carriers. The larger ship concept won out becuase steel is relatively cheap and two carriers would cost less to run than 3 over their lifespan and the larger size allowed a more viable STOVL group. The one aspect that has proved a boon was the later addition of possible CTOL configuration in the 50 yr lifespan, the sponsons needed for an angled deck have led to a much more efficient STOVL carrier design.

Nope i think we have made the right choices regarding the carriers, the main disruotion has really come about by the complete failure of the JSF programme to deliver what was expected when the choices were made, and have effected carriers programme as a result. The potential cancellation of the B under Gates led to the switch to CATOBAR, the costs of the aircraft reduced numbers to 48 for Carrier Strike rather than the 138 required to replace the Harriers (additional UK F-35's are now being seen as Tornado/Typhoon replacements ), and the development delays have put operational capability of Carrier Strike back to the next decade rather than the 2nd half of this one.
 
Here's an out of left field suggestion. If one was willing to accept just one very large carrier, with plenty of space for not only aircraft and their support equipment & personnel, but also for extensive self-defense and self-repair/maintenance capabilities, able to remain at sea for extended periods of time, one candidate comes to mind.

Ladies and gentlemen, I give you the Jahre Viking, better known to some of you as the Seawise Giant:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX2HFVHbo18​

Properly done, a CTOL carrier conversion would have conceivably being able to operate even naval Typhoons. Of course among other things, refitting the machinery & propulsion to naval standards at an affordable cost would have been challenging but not insurmountable.

typhoonn1.jpg

Original title: A navalised Typhoon in the colours of 899NAS
Image Credit: Navy Matters (navy-matters.beedall.com)
 
Geoff

I know that I am usually guilty of hindsight but although I cannot prove it, the arguments I put forward above were those I used back in 1997 to colleagues. I remain unapologetic.

As you know I am a great fan of CVA 01 and would love to have seen a proper catapult carrier force back in the RN. However, given that the F18 was the only really suitable off the shelf candidate one had to ask then as now what a single F18 carrying UK carrier really brought to the party when the US had at least 8 or more of the beasts at sea. Then as now I thought that a developed Ocean/Invincible similar to the Italian Cavour could be built as a class of three or two and give the RN a range of useful options with the ships and the existing Harrier force. JSF always looked odd to me, a kind of ugly P1154! Developing the Harrier with US Marines and the Italian (even Indian) navies seemed more reasonable given the level of threat out there.
 
uk 75 said:
Geoff

I know that I am usually guilty of hindsight but although I cannot prove it, the arguments I put forward above were those I used back in 1997 to colleagues. I remain unapologetic.

As you know I am a great fan of CVA 01 and would love to have seen a proper catapult carrier force back in the RN. However, given that the F18 was the only really suitable off the shelf candidate one had to ask then as now what a single F18 carrying UK carrier really brought to the party when the US had at least 8 or more of the beasts at sea. Then as now I thought that a developed Ocean/Invincible similar to the Italian Cavour could be built as a class of three or two and give the RN a range of useful options with the ships and the existing Harrier force. JSF always looked odd to me, a kind of ugly P1154! Developing the Harrier with US Marines and the Italian (even Indian) navies seemed more reasonable given the level of threat out there.

The hindsight is reference the escorts as the escort force was still relatively stable till the last Govt started slicing away at it without replacements rending it now somewhat imbalanced, the force should have been nearer to 30 rather than the 19 we have now.

As to the carriers we simply wouldn't have got a CATOBAR carrier supported by the other armed forces then, yes F-18 was an off the shelf solution but i think they would have opted for a Navalised Typhoon and the RAF saw that as threat to its planned 232 Typhoons as one of the Later Tranches would have gone to the Navy rather than the RAF.

You need to remember back in 98 the CVS were still on station off the Balkens providing air support, there the air threat and SAM threat was still credible (we lost a SHAR to a SAM !), we basically discovered then that we needed a better aircraft and much larger and more capable carriers for them to fly off so we could maintain station and air cover for a longer period of time. The CVS needed frequent port visits to recharge (i had a mate on 849 at the time and he had a great few years of sea duty).

The smaller cavour style ships whilst able to operate 20 Harriers are still limited and 30+ appears to be the optomum airgroup needed to maintain round the clock operations, the smaller carriers can only do this for a short period of time, so it would mean either running two light carriers and their associated costs or 1 more efficent larger carrier.

Thats the choice we had and it was the right one, the trouble was the actions of Iraq and Afghanistan, screwed up the options for change plan we were working towards, the RN and the RAF paid the price to keep the Army in the field, although both did highlight our shortcoming in Carrier capability and air power as the RAF couldn't get there with its combat aircraft and the RN aircraft were not fit for the hot or high operations.
 
Geoff

Your recollection of events is quite correct. I had forgotten how large the events of Yugoslavia loomed in the Navy's thinking in 1998.

On the escort ships. I talked to quite a few people at the time and there was already a fear that the Escort and SSN forces would have to take a hit to pay for the new carriers. Slicing of the two had been going on since the end of the Cold War and the Treasury was looking for every opportunity it could find to reduce both.
 
uk 75 said:
Geoff

Your recollection of events is quite correct. I had forgotten how large the events of Yugoslavia loomed in the Navy's thinking in 1998.

On the escort ships. I talked to quite a few people at the time and there was already a fear that the Escort and SSN forces would have to take a hit to pay for the new carriers. Slicing of the two had been going on since the end of the Cold War and the Treasury was looking for every opportunity it could find to reduce both.

Oh i think they would have trimmed the Type45s to about 10 and cut back the FSC but i doubt they would have seen the Type45s halved, the Type23s timmed down to 13 and the loss of all Type22's without replacement.

Remember it was all lined up for options for change looking at a more mobile flexible force to be used outside of the cold war Northern Europe theatre, Yugoslavia did pay quite an impact on the carrier thinking resulting in the greater endurance and punch of the carrier element and the Joint Combat Aircraft.

I don't think you would be considering this had not the Carrier Build not been drawn out and delayed for so long together with the SHAR and Harriers not sold off and the F-35 on schedule and on budget. We would have had the first carrier in service by now with a Harrier airwing awaiting the first F-35B unit to become operational had the original schedule been kept and we hadn't been dragged into two unwanted wars and a recession that sucked the defence budget dry.
 
Another possibility at the lower end of things; build a large number of these:

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PaulMM (Overscan) said:
Displacing 13,200 tons, space for 16 aircraft. 15deg ski jump. For peacetime operations a helicopter operates from the rear deck, in wartime the rear deck would be built up with containers to lengthen the flight deck. Length 604 ft.

Source:

Flight International, 12 Jan 1980.

JAZZ said:
24,000 ton Vickers "Light Fleet Carrier" proposal - photo of model below

LOA 202m
LWaterline 190m
OA Beam 32m
Draught 8m
Displacement Deep - 23,000 tonnes

Make speed 25kt
Crusing 18kt
Range @ 18kt 10,000nm

Escort replenishment - additional fuel 6,000 tonnes

CODOG twin screw
4 X Spay SM 1A gas turbines arranged in pairs
63,600bhp under temerate conditions

Crew 650

Armament - 18 Sea Kings or 15 Sea Harriers and 2 Sea Kings
2 x VM40 lightweight Sea Wolf - and tracking/illumination radars
Plessey AWS-5 surveillence
Plessy AWS-4 BH search radar
2 x type 1006 nav/surface radar
Ferranti CA AIS type 450 display and data handling
Graseby GI-750 search/attack sonar
Type 2015 expendable bathythermograph
Decca cutlass ESM with ECM option
 
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