AGM-12/A and /B Bullpup MCLOS missiles required Martin's AN/ARW-73 Radio Guidance Transmitting Set installed on-board the A-4, F-105 or F-100 jets. After launching, the pilot controlled missile's flight with a joystick. Since the AN/ARW-73 was merely a transmitter of MCLOS commands, my question is whether the Vietnamese attempted to hack that radio link to disturb Bullpup's MCLOS guidance so that the missile veered off course when fired? Did the Vietnamese use any sort of ECM jamming? Or maybe the early Bullpups were not too successful rendering jamming the MCLOS link unnecessary?