I highly doubt the XA102 and XA103 are intended to have the raw static thrust of the F135, given that the F-47 and F-35 are likely optimized for different parts of the envelope. It's likely they're closer to F119 in terms of thrust while being significantly more efficient.
 
Its been reported on before that XA102/3 are scaled down from XA100/1 / different size.

https://aviationweek.com/defense/ai...air-force-pushes-widen-roles-adaptive-engines

The added bypass stream is highlighted in blue in the XA100 (top), a forerunner of GE’s XA102. Pratt & Whitney’s XA103 (bottom)—sized for the Boeing F-47—is slightly smaller than its XA101 predecessor.

If ya cant open that one, here is a similar quote from another report:

https://www.airandspaceforces.com/air-force-propulsion-czar-ngad-engines-aetp/

“The engines that we developed for AETP were sized for the F-35,” said Sneden. “Those that will go into NGAD are different engines; they will be differently-sized engines. But the technology baseline … is essentially the same.”

Asked later if the NGAP engines will be larger than the AETP ones, Sneden said through a spokesperson that, “as with any new weapon system development, the NGAP propulsion systems will be sized appropriately to meet thrust, weight, and other integration requirements.”
 
What don't you like about the F135?
The thrust class is the same, the fuselage layout is the same, and the fuel consumption is more or less the same
It's too big.

The original XA100/101 were built to F135 scale, intended to replace the engines in F-35s. The XA102/103 are a little smaller, more like F119/F110 sized.
 
A possibility that is being overlooked is that from the get-go the baseline design and performance is based on and designed around an already available engine for the sake of schedule, risk, and reliability. Even an upgraded version of a current engine could be sufficient enough to meet or even exceed the performance values the AF was looking for.

Given how handily BA seems to have won the contract, one could assume the design was plenty capable in its baseline design. The AF doesn't seem all that stressed about getting it into the F-47.

This doesn't rule out NGAP as a future possibility, but it comes down to whether the envelopes are similar enough to integrate it without significant changes to the platform.
That might be the case. But why transition from the XA100/101 which was sized for the F-35A/C to something that was supposedly sized for NGAD? If F-47 performs well with a derivative engine why not just continue with the XA100/101 under NGAP and get an engine into production quicker?

It might be the case that NGAP technology may find its way into other platforms. But which platforms besides the F-47? The EX? CCA? Are they going to circle back to the F-35 as an alternate engine. My guess is that NGAP is focused on integrating it with the F-47, unless something has changed.

It seems carrying two adaptive engines through EMD is some type of risk reduction effort, even though it seemed GE had the lead with the XA100. May be it didn't. Why not down select to get it in F-47 and then fund an alternate engine later?
 
That might be the case. But why transition from the XA100/101 which was sized for the F-35A/C to something that was supposedly sized for NGAD? If F-47 performs well with a derivative engine why not just continue with the XA100/101 under NGAP and get an engine into production quicker?

It might be the case that NGAP technology may find its way into other platforms. But which platforms besides the F-47? The EX? CCA? Are they going to circle back to the F-35 as an alternate engine. My guess is that NGAP is focused on integrating it with the F-47, unless something has changed.

It seems carrying two adaptive engines through EMD is some type of risk reduction effort, even though it seemed GE had the lead with the XA100. May be it didn't. Why not down select to get it in F-47 and then fund an alternate engine later?
I doubt very much that both XA102 and XA103 will be taken thru EMD. The quote was “two developed and operational prototypes prior to down select”. EMD will follow to create the production A102 or A103.
 
I doubt very much that both XA102 and XA103 will be taken thru EMD. The quote was “two developed and operational prototypes prior to down select”. EMD will follow to create the production A102 or A103.
Like they did with the YF119/YF120.
 
All of this because of a click bait story from TWZ. We've known for some time that the three stream engine wouldn't be ready for the initial production and development aircraft. Do we even know if all the systems that the F-47 will eventually have will be ready when the aircraft is first flown? (The answer is, "No, we don't.") I ask, because not having the three stream engine may not even be much of a factor as a result, other than how it handles the trade off between range and supercruise with whatever the initial propulsion system is.
 
(This may already be off topic and needs to go to the NGAP engine thread)

I apologize. I may have already contributed to this confusion with my own faulty take. They are carrying both GE and PW to the prototyping phase:
The Air Force's Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion program is advancing into the prototyping phase, with General Electric and Pratt & Whitney both receiving awards of up to $3.5 billion to carry-out existing contracts, the Pentagon announced Monday evening.


The indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity modification contract reduces the total number of vendors proceeding with NGAP to two, cutting Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman from the competition.
Regarding:
It might be the case that NGAP technology may find its way into other platforms. But which platforms besides the F-47? The EX? CCA? Are they going to circle back to the F-35 as an alternate engine. My guess is that NGAP is focused on integrating it with the F-47, unless something has changed.
This is what Sneden has said about what else is being developed under NGAP:
Sneden wouldn’t eliminate the possibility that NGAP would be integrated with the F-47 in 2030, but emphasized the program is developing an entire suite of advanced engine technologies that could be leveraged across the Air Force’s fleet.

“You can break those technologies and actually integrate them backwards, too. Not everything has to have an adaptive fan,” he said. “We can actually take that backwards, as well as incorporate it in some of our legacy platforms. So, there is a great utilization for this type of tech.”
It would appear that these are smaller pieces of tech that can be used to upgrade existing engines to varying degrees.

You can narrow the recipients of any new NGAP derived engine to supersonic capable aircraft / aircraft that has a significant operational need for supersonic flight. That would exclude all current CCAs. However I wouldnt be surprised if components and technology enhancements derived from NGAP finds their way into upgrades for existing engines.

Quite frankly, while the F35 can use a bump on range, AETP already showed the willingness of each branch to make the change (and keep in mind that AETP was intended only for the A and C models. Introducing a new engine to one or two of the variants for a fleet already suffering in readiness and upgrades seems ill advised).

The different F-15/16 flavors probably arent going to get separate ACE engines either. They are already 2nd line combatants coming out of the gate. Maybe certain foreign customers would be interested but even that doesnt make a whole lot of sense given cheapish 5th gen fighter options they could buy. These are most likely though to receive some trickle down component enhancements.

What would make sense for completely new and dedicated NGAP engine is ofcourse the F-47, but also whatever CCAs/UCAVs that are being developed into the future. For those to be worth it though, autonomy and operational applications for CCAs need some more maturity before it would make sense to develop more expensive, supersonic capable CCA/UCAVs. Incidentally, by the time F-47 engines are actually flown, I think there would be enough maturity and understanding of best usages and desired characteristics of CCAs by then to warrant exquisite unnanned platforms equipped with an NGAP engine - if the operational need requires it.

F/A-XX if it ever gets out of funding limbo would be a prominent candidate for engine component upgrades that are short of an actual NGAP engine. The navy was already uninterested in NGAP as previously reported, but an existing engine modified with NGAP derived enhancements could help bring the benefits to whatever engines F/A-XX will use. And I do think the navy would be more interested in ACE engines once the air force has demonstrated and matured the technology on operational aircraft first. (Although I must say the navy really hasnt had a great record of upgrading its fighter fleets engines. F110s, AETP etc. The navys got enough going on that getting any new engine for its fighter fleet may ultimately not make it on to the top priorities)

It seems carrying two adaptive engines through EMD is some type of risk reduction effort, even though it seemed GE had the lead with the XA100. May be it didn't. Why not down select to get it in F-47 and then fund an alternate engine later?
They are the only two primes capable of building advanced fighter engines. Even if one does not get the contract, it makes sense to share the know how first so that both players are kept competitive in engine development. This helps stabilize the industrial base and allow future competitions from both players.

Ill add that it would probably be possible to solely focus on getting an engine out for the F-47 and make deadlines, but ultimately there is great value both in carrying two companies to prototype phase and to spend the time to modularize components derived from NGAP. With a fighter force generally lacking in unrefueled range and tankers increasingly threatened by long range missiles, a number of fighters could use some engine enhancements without new bespoke engines. It lays the groundwork for easier future development and it would also make sense to be part of the "constantly recompeted parts" paradigm for the F-47.
 
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Also consider that the F-47 is currently described as Increment I of the NGAD crewed fighter, and a Defense & Aerospace Report podcast with Frank Kendall last year still described a programmatic approach resembling Will Roper's "Digital Century Series" paradigm. Follow on NGAD Increments may be additional lots of F-47, or it could be a different aircraft entirely, perhaps something like an F-35 replacement, or a revival of the Rapid Theater Attack supersonic bomber concept, etc. Those could be areas for the future application of adaptive engines.
 
That might be the case. But why transition from the XA100/101 which was sized for the F-35A/C to something that was supposedly sized for NGAD? If F-47 performs well with a derivative engine why not just continue with the XA100/101 under NGAP and get an engine into production quicker?
Because the "F-22 sized" F-47 doesn't need 2x42klb engines, it only needs 2x35klb. The "F-111 sized" NGADs needed 2x42klb engines.



It would appear that these are smaller pieces of tech that can be used to upgrade existing engines to varying degrees.
It appears that parts of NGAP may have been backfitted/tested on F110 already, for FAXX. For the "derivitive engine" that we all assumed had to be F110-based.
 
Because the "F-22 sized" F-47 doesn't need 2x42klb engines, it only needs 2x35klb. The "F-111 sized" NGADs needed 2x42klb engines.




It appears that parts of NGAP may have been backfitted/tested on F110 already, for FAXX. For the "derivitive engine" that we all assumed had to be F110-based.
There are three technologies cited as making NGAP "next generation":
  1. Ceramic Matrix Composites
  2. Additive Manufacturing
  3. 3rd Stream
It seems likely that 1 & 2 are being used to enhance these derivative engines.
 
There are three technologies cited as making NGAP "next generation":
  1. Ceramic Matrix Composites
  2. Additive Manufacturing
  3. 3rd Stream
It seems likely that 1 & 2 are being used to enhance these derivative engines.

Software is also a large part of it.
 
Because the "F-22 sized" F-47 doesn't need 2x42klb engines, it only needs 2x35klb. The "F-111 sized" NGADs needed 2x42klb engines.




It appears that parts of NGAP may have been backfitted/tested on F110 already, for FAXX. For the "derivitive engine" that we all assumed had to be F110-based.
One hopes it's not limited to "F-22 sized" else range is going to be a problem.
 
The schedule of NGAP in the FY2021-FY2027 budgets kept changing.

1. Before FY2024, the NGAP program was scheduled to conclude in Q3 of FY2027.
2. The FY2025 budget revised this timeline to Q4 of FY2027.
3. The FY2026 budget adjusted it once more to Q2 of FY2030. However, the descriptions also changed. Before FY2026, it was referred to as NGAD. Starting in FY2026, it began to talk about future fighters with afterburners and other fighters without afterburners.
4. The FY2027 version further states that future fighters with afterburners and other aircraft without afterburners will provide options for the NGAD family.

Judging from the changes shown in the budget, NGAP has become a series of products rather than just powering the F-47. I don't think we can understand the relationship between NGAP and the F-47 in the same way we understand the F100 and F-15, or the F119 and F-22.
 
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One hopes it's not limited to "F-22 sized" else range is going to be a problem.
I don't think being "F-22 sized" in terms of takeoff weight necessarily means range problem IMO, given advances in airframe design.

A while back I've posted how a modern airframe with more efficient structural design and advanced aerodynamics when combined with NGAP can achieve far more range than the F-22.
https://www.f-16.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=507387#p507387
...my estimate for the F-47 to be the following.

Empty weight: 39,000 lbs (over 4,000 lbs lighter than F-22)
Fuel: 25,000 lbs
Weapons: 6x AIM-260 JATM, assuming 350 lbs per missile, and 2x AIM-9X, 2,476 lbs
Takeoff weight: 66,700 lbs (assuming 200 lb pilot), 0.375 fuel fraction
Thrust: 2x XA102/XA103 each producing 35,000lbf thrust
T/W ratio: 1.05 at takeoff weight
g-limit: +7.33

This gives a loaded fuel fraction of 0.375, and using the Breguet range equation as a surrogate for combat radius, this means that just by fuel fraction alone, range has increased by 43% from the F-22's combat radius numbers of 595nmi subsonic and 460nmi w/ 100nmi supercruise. Combine that with the NGAP goal of increase mixed supersonic/subsonic combat radius by 38%, and assuming that the NGAD/PCA has 10% better L/D due to more advanced aerodynamics over the past 30 years, you get about 1,000nmi combat radius with 220nmi in supercruise.

Of course all this assumption is that NGAP actually arrives with F-47 to get that 1,000+nmi combat radius, but even without that you can get a big increase in range.
 
One hopes it's not limited to "F-22 sized" else range is going to be a problem.
I think it's that the MTOW hasn't really changed but for the F-22 it only reaches MTOW with 4x 600gal fuel tanks under the wings while F-47 is ~85klbs without external tanks.
 
I don't think being "F-22 sized" in terms of takeoff weight necessarily means range problem IMO, given advances in airframe design.

A while back I've posted how a modern airframe with more efficient structural design and advanced aerodynamics when combined with NGAP can achieve far more range than the F-22.
https://www.f-16.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=507387#p507387


Of course all this assumption is that NGAP actually arrives with F-47 to get that 1,000+nmi combat radius, but even without that you can get a big increase in range.
I wonder if Boeing is planning to use the 'topological optimization' technique (it's a buzzword in 3d Printing) to significantly reduce the volume of internal airframe load bearing structures without compromising on structural integrity). A Google gemini query does reveal Boeing investigations in topological optimization, though of course not for the F-47.
I am mentioning this only because there was a similar mention of this by Sukhoi's R&D chief ( in an interview posted on russia defence.net some years back). The article even showed a wire frame model of a su-57 with 3-d truss like load bearing structures resembling bird bones.
After all, if u can significantly increase the internal volume available for fuel (and also weapons and sensors) it may explain how the f-47 can have increased range while still retaining overall f-22 dimensions
 
I wonder if Boeing is planning to use the 'topological optimization' technique (it's a buzzword in 3d Printing) to significantly reduce the volume of internal airframe load bearing structures without compromising on structural integrity). A Google gemini query does reveal Boeing investigations in topological optimization, though of course not for the F-47.
That's a given and has been said as much before afaik although not directly naming any tech terms.
 
I think it's that the MTOW hasn't really changed but for the F-22 it only reaches MTOW with 4x 600gal fuel tanks under the wings while F-47 is ~85klbs without external tanks.
Right but if, "has to fit in a HAS designed in the 70s" is still a requirement that's going to limit you. We don't want a Fat Amy 2.0.
 
The line of American main fighters F-100 - F-4 - F-15
The line of American interceptors F-102 - F-106 - F-15 - F-22
Where did the engine thrust become less or the takeoff weight decrease?
 
The line of American main fighters F-100 - F-4 - F-15
The line of American interceptors F-102 - F-106 - F-15 - F-22
Where did the engine thrust become less or the takeoff weight decrease?

F-111? A-12?
 
The F-111 is not a fighter or an interceptor, and the A-12 is not a production aircraft

I can only see one reason for reducing the maximum takeoff weight, which is to eliminate the afterburner in order to increase the range and reducing the IR signature

It can be assumed that in order to dramatically increase the range and reduce the IR signature, it was decided to completely abandon the afterburner mode of the engine, or to obtain the possibility of at least some afterburner in the stealth-optimized chamber.That is, when calculating, it should be focused not on the afterburner thrust of the engine in 21320 kgf, but on the maximum thrust of 14515 kg. Or optimistically as the afterburner of the F-22 - 15810 kgf Then, in order to maintain maneuverability of at least 9g and an acceptable thrust-to-weight ratio, we obtain:
15810 kgf * 2 : 1.2 = 26350 kg - normal takeoff weight (no more than)
15810 kgf * 2 : 0.9 = 35130 kg - maximum takeoff weight (no more than)


Code:
====================================================================================================
Parameter                  F-15C (F100-PW-220)     F-22A (F119-PW-100)     F-47 (AETP / 6th Gen)
====================================================================================================
Development Period / EIS   1970s–1976              1990s–2005              2020s–2030s
Engine Type                Turbofan (2 streams)    Turbofan with TVC       Adaptive Turbofan (3-str)
Dry Thrust (per engine)    ~65.2 kN (14,650 lbf)   ~116 kN (26,000 lbf)    ~135–145 kN (30.3-32.6k lbf)
Afterburning Thrust (1x)   ~105.7 kN (23,770 lbf)  ~156 kN (35,000 lbf)    ~195–210 kN (43.8-47.2k lbf)
Total System Thrust (2x)   211.4 kN (47,540 lbf)   312.0 kN (70,000 lbf)   ~390–420 kN (87.6-94.4k lbf)
Engine TWR                 ~7.8 : 1                ~9.0–10.0 : 1           ~12.5–14.0 : 1
SFC (Cruise)               ~0.72–0.78 lb/(lbf·h)   ~0.62–0.68 lb/(lbf·h)   ~0.45–0.52 lb/(lbf·h) (-30%)
Turbine Inlet Temp (T3)    ~1400–1450 °C           ~1650–1700 °C           ~1950–2100 °C
====================================================================================================
 
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Re three stream ACE designs offer the much discussed improvements to SFC, range and dry thrust, but depending on how much risk the USAF is willing to take, in theory, for example, adopting a smaller hot section as seen with XF9 might allow volume for a dual shaft bidirectional starter generator might give you substantive power offtake (as well as faster fan speed trimming for transients, etc) that coupled with a robust third stream heat dissipation scheme, could allow for a large (at least for the US) leap in capability. Even if this isn’t exactly what’s happening or how either team designed their NGAD engines, i mention this more to sketch out the idea that there potentially could be a lot more going on here than the usual near-impossible engineering feat of designing an engine with NGAPs roughly announced performance ambitions.

But that said, such a power/heat advance, however schemed, might be the enabling foundation that enables truly disruptive integration of more speculative or less realized concepts such as compute-intensive AI models in flight and in the fight, unlocking the true potential of GaN based arrays and even useful defensive or offensive laser systems. A notional CCA sized two stream engine with room for even a single spool driven integrated starter generator with a heat exchange system in the bypass flow might integrate quite a lot of NGAP related approaches or solutions - despite being simpler than A102/103 - with still very useful power generation capa

As for the afterburner, I believe a reheat systems ability to rapidly accelerate or achieve dash speeds above Mach 2.5 would be seen as a key difference maker in several scenarios for a penetrating counter air manned aircraft. Just my 2c, although I enjoyed working through your argument.
 
So it seems to me that its much too early to get all pessimistic about engine and F-47 programs especially when this has already been done across the pond for both the J-20 and the J-36, the latter which has seen iterations of airframe features and possibly different engines installed across the first few airframes. CCA types have also undergone some pretty dramatic airframe changes that didnt take 30 years to complete thanks to new simulation and design tools available.The point is that these problems can be planned for and worked around to minimize risk of failure and we dont even have an idea of how these things are being undertaken and how the end results interact let alone make these...knee jerk conclusions.
Knee jerk? I'm old enough to remember the ATF program. Long before they rolled out the prototypes they were testing prototype engines, radars, IRST, etc. There were programs to advance the state of the art for sensors and computers. So far for F-47 (let alone F/A-XX) we're not seeing any of that.
 
Knee jerk? I'm old enough to remember the ATF program. Long before they rolled out the prototypes they were testing prototype engines, radars, IRST, etc. There were programs to advance the state of the art for sensors and computers. So far for F-47 (let alone F/A-XX) we're not seeing any of that.
That we know of, or more accurately - that's been reported on anyway. @quellish might know. I remember years ago it was already reported that long lead items (of which engines were one of them) were being developed. Just not which specifically.

So either the plane is flying with off the shelf or at least in production sensors with proprietary ones coming in later upgrades or something is indeed developed and we just dont know yet - or both.

Im not dismissing your suspicions though. Time will tell.
 
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Right but if, "has to fit in a HAS designed in the 70s" is still a requirement that's going to limit you. We don't want a Fat Amy 2.0.
That was caused by the length limit of the Navy gator-freighter elevators. Else the F-35s would have been a lot longer for better fineness.

Also, most of the Pacific doesn't have HAS built. So we do not necessarily have to consider the European HAS limits to be a problem.

Edit: That said, a 45ft wingspan is likely viable for the F-47.


The line of American main fighters F-100 - F-4 - F-15
The line of American interceptors F-102 - F-106 - F-15 - F-22
Where did the engine thrust become less or the takeoff weight decrease?
You mean for F-47? Probably about the time someone ran the first cost estimates for an F-111 sized monster (50tonne MTOW) with a pair of F135s or XA100/101s.

But if they could get the range out of something that was under 40tonnes MTOW, they could use smaller engines like the XA102/103s.
 
That we know of, or more accurately - that's been reported on anyway. @quellish might know. I remember years ago it was already reported that long lead items (of which engines were one of them) were being developed. Just not which specifically.

So either the plane is flying with off the shelf or at least in production sensors with proprietary ones coming in later upgrades or something is indeed developed and we just dont know yet - or both.

Im not dismissing your suspicions though. Time will tell.

There has been technology development over many years and many programs. Many of these are documented on this forum better than anywhere else.
 
The line of American main fighters F-100 - F-4 - F-15
The line of American interceptors F-102 - F-106 - F-15 - F-22
Where did the engine thrust become less or the takeoff weight decrease?
F-4 wasn't "USAF main fighter" by design (they didn't even spec one, they spec'd TACOM fighter-bomber, which was the F-105 and then F-111).
F-15 and F-22 aren't interceptors - in fact, even with their raw performance, they're 2 downgrades in interceptor capability. In some aspects - compared to each other and predecessors; in all possible aspects - compared to their proposed interceptor variants and especially specialized aircraft.
The last two "true" USAF interceptors from the 1950s were the YF-12 and NR-349.
 
If the F-22 was the "main fighter", then it simply has to have a combat load more than its predecessor, that is, the F-15. The total weight of all loads at the F-15 reaches 10705 kg, weapons from them about five tons. What do we see in the F-22? 3330 kg with two external tanks, it is impossible to hang four external tanks, and 1116 kg of weapons! Yes, he is just pathetic, even against the F-15! It is impossible to compare it with the Russian MiG 1.42, which has a combat load of 9,000 kg.
This may be acceptable for a specialized interceptor, but not for a fighter jet.
 
The Cost of America's Frontline Fighters Relative to the Pentagon Budget

People often point out that the new F-47 is expected to cost around $300 million per aircraft, making it appear dramatically more expensive than previous generations. In absolute terms, that's true.

However, a more meaningful comparison is the cost of a single fighter relative to the annual U.S. Department of Defense budget at the time the aircraft entered service (or, for the F-47, the current budget).

Aircraft
First Flight​
Unit Cost​
DoD Budget​
Cost as % of DoD Budget​
F-102
1953​
$1.18M​
$41.2B​
0.0029%​
F-106
1956​
$2.95M​
$40.6B​
0.0073%​
F-15
1972​
$27.9M​
$77.7B​
0.0359%​
F-22
1990​
$137.5M​
$299.3B​
0.0459%​
F-47*
2025​
~$300M​
~$850B​
0.0353%​
*Estimated unit cost.

Conclusion

Looking only at sticker price gives the impression that fighter aircraft have become exponentially more expensive. But when normalized against the size of the U.S. defense budget, the picture changes considerably.

The F-47's estimated procurement cost represents about 0.035% of the annual Pentagon budget—almost identical to the relative burden of the F-15 when it first flew, and actually lower than that of the F-22 in the early 1990s.

In other words, while the absolute cost of a modern air-superiority fighter has increased enormously, the U.S. defense budget has grown as well. Relative to available defense resources, the F-47 does not appear to be an unprecedented outlier. Based on current estimates, it falls within the historical trend established by late Cold War and post-Cold War U.S. fighter programs.

chatgpt
 
(c)
Actually managed to find an official ADC history that offers a fair bit of detail on the IMI:

http://altgov2.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ADC-and-Antibomber-Defense-1946-1972.pdf
Given that ADCOM got absolutely nothing - here's your answer. And F-22 is yet another step back in terms of optimization for interceptor profiles. Which doesn't mean that either isn't capable of doing interceptor mission - they are, given their great performance and powerful sensors. They can. Just much worse than an optimized design would("190 IMI doing work of 270 F-15s, better"); a difference with a purpose-built design is greater still.
 
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I wonder if Boeing is planning to use the 'topological optimization' technique
Both BA and LM have their own proprietary airframe optimization programs and techniques. They are quite in-depth. I would assume that NG has something similar.
So either the plane is flying with off the shelf or at least in production sensors with proprietary ones coming in later upgrades or something is indeed developed and we just dont know yet - or both.
More than likely would be flying/testing with surrogate (dummy) panels for any items on the OML and mass simulators for internal items. B-21 did exactly that (and could still be doing so) while certain components were still in late-stage development. No need to have them all ready for initial flight testing when you're more focused on envelope expansion and systems checks.
 
That was caused by the length limit of the Navy gator-freighter elevators. Else the F-35s would have been a lot longer for better fineness.
I realize what caused the F-35 length issue. But the HAS requirement caused the ATF restrictions. If you keep those restrictions but increase the weight another 10k. . . Fat Amy 2.0. If it's not a requirement then no problem, they can make it as long as they need to.
 
I realize what caused the F-35 length issue. But the HAS requirement caused the ATF restrictions. If you keep those restrictions but increase the weight another 10k. . . Fat Amy 2.0. If it's not a requirement then no problem, they can make it as long as they need to.
IIRC, the X-44 MANTA, the stretched, tailless-delta F-22 variant would still fit into the HAS.

But heck with it, what's the length limits on the European HAS?
 

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