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Another way of reducing the cost would be to turn the 200ft wide piers into breakwaters similar to those at Portland, these look to have been built in stages between 1844 and 1872, but as you have mentioned, currents could be an issue.
No, you want some width of pier to operate some pretty good sized cranes and heavy goods trucks to bring supplies to the ships and load them onboard. Possibly including train tracks, though train tracks could be run in the middle of the crane tracks. 50, maybe 100ft wide.
 
Yes, it would be a big operation. I'm sure you have events like this around pretty much every large construction project in the UK from finding a few unexploded bombs left over from WW2.
Most of the UK wasn't heavily bombed, get out of the South and the cities and it's 'well, there was that one time a lost bomber strafed the main road". We had one last year in the Medway Towns, and I can't recall the one before, despite being the closest major naval base to France.

TLDR: it's more unusual than you think.
 
Most of the UK wasn't heavily bombed, get out of the South and the cities and it's 'well, there was that one time a lost bomber strafed the main road". We had one last year in the Medway Towns, and I can't recall the one before, despite being the closest major naval base to France.

TLDR: it's more unusual than you think.
That sound you just heard was the 0.o [pause] o.0 blink/mental gears grinding.

That's honestly really surprising.
 
Back to T83 now, I think?
What does everyone think the gun armament should be, between Bofors 57 & 40, Mk45, Phalanx etc?
Personally I think we need the 5 inch in the design in case guided projectiles like HVP become much more developed, and then at least 2 57mms elsewhere using something like MAD-FIRES or miniaturised DART for missile defence. Anything smaller doesn't really have the range any more, and DEW can do the cheap anti-drone role (of which there should be one really big Dragonfire development and then some RFDEW)
 
Back to T83 now, I think?
What does everyone think the gun armament should be, between Bofors 57 & 40, Mk45, Phalanx etc?
Personally I think we need the 5 inch in the design in case guided projectiles like HVP become much more developed, and then at least 2 57mms elsewhere using something like MAD-FIRES or miniaturised DART for missile defence. Anything smaller doesn't really have the range any more, and DEW can do the cheap anti-drone role (of which there should be one really big Dragonfire development and then some RFDEW)
5" if you're going to have access to HVP, 57mm may be acceptable if not.

Port/Starboard 76mm Sovraponte
Port/Starboard Laser
Port/Starboard HPMW

At least 4x 30mm guns.
 
5" if you're going to have access to HVP, 57mm may be acceptable if not.

Port/Starboard 76mm Sovraponte
Port/Starboard Laser
Port/Starboard HPMW

At least 4x 30mm guns.
I can see why you say Sovraponte but I like the huge magazine you can fit under the 57mm. Maybe if the Italians let us build it in the UK?
Port/starboard laser is fine if they could share the beam generating equipment but I'd rather a single turret with larger field of fire if not.
HPMW/RFDEW is nice and lightweight, an easy thing to put wherever you like.
4!!! I'm not a huge fan of the 30mm, it's quite short ranged and inaccurate. You could have 40mm for a much better capability.
 
Back to T83 now, I think?
What does everyone think the gun armament should be, between Bofors 57 & 40, Mk45, Phalanx etc?
Personally I think we need the 5 inch in the design in case guided projectiles like HVP become much more developed, and then at least 2 57mms elsewhere using something like MAD-FIRES or miniaturised DART for missile defence. Anything smaller doesn't really have the range any more, and DEW can do the cheap anti-drone role (of which there should be one really big Dragonfire development and then some RFDEW)
Looks like the 57mm is a requirement from the RN, which makes some sense for counter-drone roles.

If I'm trying to be realistic, I reckon the Phalanx is omitted, and steadily phased out of the fleet in exchange for the 40mm. A few of the ships that use the system will be leaving service by 2040 - the destroyers, the Bay-class, the Albion-class, leaving the carriers, the tankers, the FSSS and the Type 26 frigates.
 
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The problem with the 5" is the size of the magazine; if you can do without it, then that's an awful lot of below deck space freed up for other stuff. The working circle of its barrel is another issue that creates a lot of dead space on the deck. 76mm vs 57mm, everyone has their favourites, I think I'm in the 57mm camp given magazine capacity. I think 76mm DART guided rounds only start to become a significant advantage if there's a threat missile that's immune to 57mm airburst, and even then only if they outperform 57mm ORKA or HE-4G.

Dragonfire is obviously a step change in CIWS usage that will change CIWS choice, but at least for counter drone use, I think there's advantages to fore and aft mountings, not broadside. The prototype beam-pointer looks to have around a 180 degree arc of fire, but there's no reason that couldn't be increased, and fore and aft gives you overlap on the broadsides, whereas broadside mounts tend to be wooded fore and aft. For counter swarm defence, two mountings engaging is obviously better than one. For anti-missile use, broadside mounts potentially have a lower rate of change in target bearing as it closes, but I'm not sure how significant that is. That's a question for the Operational Research guys.

The distinction between small calibre gun and CIWS mountings is becoming less clear as RWS mountings become more capable, and small calibre guns offer air burst ammunition, which Phalanx doesn't. Given our investment in 40mm Case Telescoped, the Thales Rapid Fire is attractive, but the 40mm Bofors Mk4 is going to have the advantage of being in the fleet first.
 
edit: Yes, 4. 1 on each aft corner of the helo deck, 2 up forward port&starboard.


I'm not a huge fan of the 30mm, it's quite short ranged and inaccurate. You could have 40mm for a much better capability.
Depends on top weight. I meant something close to the US Mk38 guns, basically an anti-small-boat gun with anti-drone capabilities.

Something we might still be calling an anti-torpedo-boat gun 100 years ago.
 
Depends on top weight. I meant something close to the US Mk38 guns, basically an anti-small-boat gun with anti-drone capabilities.

Something we might still be calling an anti-torpedo-boat gun 100 years ago.
I'd argue that the 40mm's CIWS capability makes it so much more flexible than 'small calibre gun' type mountings that a little extra cost and weight (actually less than Phalanx for the non-deck penetrating version) is a small price to pay.
But if we've established that the 57mm is a suitable main gun, then I'd say that the arrangement should be:
2x57mm, one in A position and one above the hangar (either centreline between twin hangars or off centre like Sovraponte on the PPAs)
2x40mm, either side of the hangar for the extra aft angles
1x laser DEW of as much power is technically feasible, in 'C' position between the VLS and the bridge (like on the 055)
2x RFDEW amidships on each beam.
 
I'd argue that the 40mm's CIWS capability makes it so much more flexible than 'small calibre gun' type mountings that a little extra cost and weight (actually less than Phalanx for the non-deck penetrating version) is a small price to pay.
But if we've established that the 57mm is a suitable main gun, then I'd say that the arrangement should be:
2x57mm, one in A position and one above the hangar (either centreline between twin hangars or off centre like Sovraponte on the PPAs)
2x40mm, either side of the hangar for the extra aft angles
1x laser DEW of as much power is technically feasible, in 'C' position between the VLS and the bridge (like on the 055)
2x RFDEW amidships on each beam.
I still want a couple of guns forward as well. So a pair of 57mm and 4x 40mm.
 
Purely on logistics grounds decisions have been made.
In some cases that's 'internal' (to UK forces) such CAMM/FLAADS.
In others 'external-but-common-service' like the 57mm. This meshes with USN and a number of European Navies.
I'd hoped the 40mm CTAS would be another, but the 3P 40mm developments have trumped that.

5" meshes with the USN and again some European Navies. But arguably the whole HVP option more favours the 155mm for velocity reasons and I think the RN is standing back and waiting to see what actually comes out of that development. Thus the more conventional 5" for Type 26.

There may yet be more ABM developments for the RN. From the possibility of the offering of Patriot for naval use (which everyone thinks is aimed solely at the USN) to European efforts which seem well behind.

Lasers is not the only development, we can expect microwave emitters for anti-drone use, which have been tested recently painted a very naval grey.....

The big questions actually relate to networks and wider system-of-systems. What other platforms will interface to deliver the sensor coverage needed for sufficient time/distance to respond effectively to hypersonic missiles and longer ranged ballistic missiles?

This last issue is likely the thorniest problem to hold to in the face of ministers wanting nice simple decisions. With nice sexy warships to trump as their achievement....

But to achieve the capability, the ship is but one element. So what else is needed?
Does the Missile Barge extend sensor coverage?
Is there a drone toting high capability radar in the works?
Is there a satellite program ongoing for this or will we just rely on the US for that?
What's the land component like for FADS? How reliant on satellite communications will this be?

A big flashy warship that's utterly reliant on foreign powers to actually do the task doesn't seem much like an achievement for British Naval Power and more like the conversion of the RN to an adjunct of the USN in the cause of American interests....
At least if we rely on the EU, there's scope in competition between French and German interests for UK interests to play more than a peripheral part. But if the French seem determined to exclude the UK, we're going to have to reassess this whole strategic position.

This is where the Danish Navy's future AAW ship is a key moment. A choice towards a Type 31 resurrection of Ivar Huitfeldt but with PAAMS/FLAADS, would open up a Northern Alliance option (Scandinavia, and Poland), siting the UK and RN as a key partner. This would make a future Norwegian Naval AAW selection into FADS very likely.
 
I still want a couple of guns forward as well. So a pair of 57mm and 4x 40mm.
I struggle to see a situation where that much weight of fire would be required, particularly as we have Wildcat with LMM specifically for the anti-small boat role and it wouldn't be difficult to produce a RHIB-sized picket boat with a stabilised GMG or similar.
 
If the Royal Navy go for it, I think the best long-term solution would be to strengthen these fully.

Ideal to restore the number of 12x Type 83 (which they suppose to be before being cut to 6x Type 45)

Basic CIWS / Defence System: would be good if all of it on t83:

RN should be armed with this Type 83

4x 30mm DS30M Mark 2 with 7x LMM (or Starsteak) on each of Turret (one side 7x or both 14x) - positional all corners of the main body of the ship, (would be nice if they upgrade to 40mm cannon with 3P round or CTS40mm)
2x 40mm (Forecastle and Stern) maybe upgun to 57mm if 40mm cannon upgrade to DS30m Mark2
2x Dragonfire (Midship Port and starboard) with upgrade to a more powerful 300-KW Laser in the future, more suitable anti-Aircraft / Ramjet Cruise Missile / SBM maybe MRCM / ICBM
2x (would be nice 4x) RFDEW
1x Main Gun - 5" / Rail Gun (upgrade Future) *could prefer 155mm indeed 57mm as Ramjet Smart Guide Artillery to hit move target ie boat, plus long range would better chance that 57mm

Offensive Weapon:
64x Cell Forecastle and 64x Cell in Midship; 128 cell total (I believe they will set 96 cells)

64 Midship Tactical Cell / Anti-Air Defence Cell (if 32 Cell, half of these)
16x4 (64x CAMM / ER ) 32x2 ( 64x CAMM-MR) 16x4 (64x Spear 3 / EW)
64 Forecastle Strike Cell (would be nice if increased to 96 Cell, increase 1.5x firepower)
16x1 (ASTOR) 16x1 (Aster-30 Block 2 or Anti-ICBM/Satellite like SM-3 block IIB) 16x (Stratus LO) 16x1 LCM

Canister Launcher
4x4 16 x (Stratus RJ)

With escort 2x Drone T91 each 32-64x cell

sightly off the topic relate these configate apply to other frigate
Type 26 or Type 31/32 should standard this too reduce compare to T83

4x 30mm DS30M Mark 2 with 7x LMM (or Starsteak) on each of Turret (one side 7x or both 14x) - positional all corners of the main body of the ship, (would be nice if they upgrade to 40mm cannon)
1x (2x) 40mm (Forecastle or Stern) maybe upgun to 57mm if 40mm cannon upgrade to DS30m Mark2
1x Dragonfire (Bridge) with upgrade to a more powerful 300-KW Laser in the future, more suitable anti-Aircraft / Ramjet Cruise Missile / SBM maybe MRCM / ICBM
2x RFDEW
1x Main Gun - 5" / Rail Gun (upgrade Future) *could prefer 155mm indeed 57mm as Ramjet Smart Guide Artillery to hit move target ie boat, plus long range would better chance that 57mm
 
Is it officially being considered? or just a good picture of a Type 26 with a Sampson like mast grafted on and S1850 aft? Defence Journal isn't a particularly good site in my opinion - lots of puff pieces and "news that isn't news" as I see it, and the quality of the comments leaves much to be desired.

Given it is notably smaller, how would it carry the same sized VLS?

The Sampson + S1850 combination is very 1990s thinking, not least as it's often commented the latter radar is really superfluous in many respects. We are 20 years past that now and the USN FIII Burkes shows the kind of radar fit we'd be looking to build now (so just about right for us to do it in 2035, 15 years behind them!).

Daring only commissioned in 2009, so with a 30 year life, do we still want a design concept from teh 2010s to be what we build in 2040/50s? If nothing else we'd want a new design or we'd lose the ability to design it, assuming we still have that (it would be far more sensible to have built all the Type 26s first, then move to the T31 rather than do both simultaneously).

It does look nice though ;-)
In all fairness I agree with you, as soon as I opened the article I was greeted with an AI-generated morph of the Type 26 and 45 frigate and destroyer respectively. It seems rather that this was an insight into how the T4X might look; however, regarding the Type 45 destroyers service life it's unlikely any of the details would be accurate compared from technology we might have in a few years.
 
30mm DS30M Mark 2 with 7x LMM (or Starsteak)
The 2019 DS30/LMM trials on HMS Sutherland showed enough issues with missile efflux they haven't been repeated - you would have to redesign the upperworks with nothing behind the mountings, or with large blast deflectors. Given the capability of 40mm airburst, that's probably not worthwhile.
 
Does the Missile Barge extend sensor coverage?
It's going to have to have nav-radar and electro-optics for navigation, docking and security, which pretty much extends your low-level missile detection out to the USV's horizon by default. I'm sure there's something in the Sea Giraffe family that will cover it.
 
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I struggle to see a situation where that much weight of fire would be required, particularly as we have Wildcat with LMM specifically for the anti-small boat role and it wouldn't be difficult to produce a RHIB-sized picket boat with a stabilised GMG or similar.
You can't sink a RHIB with a 40mm grenade.
 
Maybe not, but LMM might do it if a sufficiently small mounting were developed.
The fact that they couldn't work out a functional 30mm + LMM mounting is so silly to me. Was it really rocket science to do some better vibration isolation and put a blast deflector behind the rockets? Anyway, another point for soft launch systems like Javelin and Akeron.
 
The fact that they couldn't work out a functional 30mm + LMM mounting is so silly to me. Was it really rocket science to do some better vibration isolation and put a blast deflector behind the rockets? Anyway, another point for soft launch systems like Javelin and Akeron.
It didn't work on T23 and wouldn't on T26 so I think the Navy just looked at the 40mk4 and decided it was the better long term option.
Where it might work well is LMM by itself on boats too small for a proper gun or where a quick capability insert is needed, not for fresh designs like T83.
Something like Cambridge Aerospace's Starhammer might be useful though, especially if it had a secondary anti-surface capacity:
https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/...rceptors-skyhammer-and-starhammer-make-debut/
 
It didn't work on T23 and wouldn't on T26 so I think the Navy just looked at the 40mk4 and decided it was the better long term option.
Where it might work well is LMM by itself on boats too small for a proper gun or where a quick capability insert is needed, not for fresh designs like T83.
Something like Cambridge Aerospace's Starhammer might be useful though, especially if it had a secondary anti-surface capacity:
https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/...rceptors-skyhammer-and-starhammer-make-debut/
Frankly it depends on the mission. I really like the gun/missile systems for dealing with mass raids, and the 40mm is lacking in range, saturation limits and magazine depth. This lesson was learned off Okinawa, but fast firing proximity fused 76 and 127mm guns seem to elude modern western navies unless they're French or Italian.
 
I struggle to see a situation where that much weight of fire would be required, particularly as we have Wildcat with LMM specifically for the anti-small boat role and it wouldn't be difficult to produce a RHIB-sized picket boat with a stabilised GMG or similar.
Wildcat with LMM holds what, 10x or 14x LMMs? That's your engagement limit.

A 40mm on each corner of the ship gives you a lot more ability to deal with mass attacks.
 
Frankly it depends on the mission. I really like the gun/missile systems for dealing with mass raids, and the 40mm is lacking in range, saturation limits and magazine depth. This lesson was learned off Okinawa, but fast firing proximity fused 76 and 127mm guns seem to elude modern western navies unless they're French or Italian.

Tech hasn't stood still, you know. Modern 40mm L70 has higher velocity than the WW2 L60, proximity fuzes, and vastly better fire control. While the drone threat is in many ways less stressing than a WW2 kamikaze. Slower and more fragile, albeit smaller.
 
Tech hasn't stood still, you know. Modern 40mm L70 has higher velocity than the WW2 L60, proximity fuzes, and vastly better fire control. While the drone threat is in many ways less stressing than a WW2 kamikaze. Slower and more fragile, albeit smaller.
I would still much rather have the reach of a 76 or 127 given how many the Russians are throwing around. 600 threat raids of anything are unpleasant.
 
Frankly it depends on the mission. I really like the gun/missile systems for dealing with mass raids, and the 40mm is lacking in range, saturation limits and magazine depth. This lesson was learned off Okinawa, but fast firing proximity fused 76 and 127mm guns seem to elude modern western navies unless they're French or Italian.
With swarm attacks, the question becomes which is more stored kills; 160 rounds of contact fused 30mm and 5 LMM or 100 rounds of 3P 40mm?
I think I know which way it goes. The Sovraponte is obviously a better option than either, but it weighs 6t bombed up instead of 2t or 1t.
Wildcat with LMM holds what, 10x or 14x LMMs? That's your engagement limit.

A 40mm on each corner of the ship gives you a lot more ability to deal with mass attacks.
20 missiles if you aren't doing anti ship at the same time.
I'm not saying extra guns is a bad thing, but the superstructures of e.g. T45 are getting really crowded with the 30mm, Phalanx, Dragonfire and Ancilia all in close proximity amidships. T26 isn't much better and I can't see where a second pair of small guns could go.
 
With swarm attacks, the question becomes which is more stored kills; 160 rounds of contact fused 30mm and 5 LMM or 100 rounds of 3P 40mm?
I think I know which way it goes. The Sovraponte is obviously a better option than either, but it weighs 6t bombed up instead of 2t or 1t.
Phalanx CIWS is also 6 tons loaded.


I'm not saying extra guns is a bad thing, but the superstructures of e.g. T45 are getting really crowded with the 30mm, Phalanx, Dragonfire and Ancilia all in close proximity amidships. T26 isn't much better and I can't see where a second pair of small guns could go.
That's why I'd been thinking something closer to the USN Mk38Mod4 or DS30B than a full on Bofors 40mm. But yes, I do expect that 2030s ships are going to resemble late-WW2 ships in terms of all the small guns on them.
 
It turned out to be a very sad discussion lately, but for what it's worth, I would reiterate that the FAWCS concept as it looks now is awfully bad. Ideally, of course, it's the reduction of weight and breadth of the mast has to be the correct solution (I don't know, get everything out of there except the radar plates, but slim it down), bringing the hull back to sane proportions, armament, aaw/asw capabilities and speed. I am not sure a ship that can't keep with a carrier group or provide minimal asw screen is worth the money spent on it. And that's before mentioning that you want to replace the Darings with it, not supplement them.
 
it's the reduction of weight and breadth of the mast has to be the correct solution

It ain't pretty but if it works, it's right. Calculating centre of buoyancy versus centre of mass is a basic part of naval architecture.

provide minimal asw screen

The Type 26 is specialised for ASW, particularly with silencing features not used in other surface ships. Another type would be inferior in this role. A task force or fleet would include both Type 26 and Type 83 supporting a carrier, MRSS or amphibious ice cream truck, plus 91s and logistics vessels. No force would just use one type of escort.
 
You're extrapolating a huge amount from what we know about FAWCS.
Ideally, of course, it's the reduction of weight and breadth of the mast has to be the correct solution (I don't know, get everything out of there except the radar plates, but slim it down), bringing the hull back to sane proportions, armament, aaw/asw capabilities and speed
Reduction in mast size? Aren't you the one who wanted something ASEV sized?
I am not sure a ship that can't keep with a carrier group or provide minimal asw screen is worth the money spent on it.
How stupid do you think BAE's designers are, that our AAW destroyer for the specific purpose of defending carrier groups wouldn't be fast enough to keep up with a carrier group? If it's IEP then we know there will be a vast amount of installed power available; two MT30s on IEP is what powers our 65kt aircraft carriers to 30kts, I would be quite worried if the hullform was so bad they couldn't manage a 12kt destroyer.
We only know solidly from BAE that they have cut back on the quietening measures from T26, and over several interviews and press releases none of their reps ever mentioned the sonar.
 
I would reiterate that the FAWCS concept as it looks now is awfully bad. Ideally, of course, it's the reduction of weight and breadth of the mast has to be the correct solution (I don't know, get everything out of there except the radar plates,
ESM systems don't matter?
 
How stupid do you think BAE's designers are, that our AAW destroyer for the specific purpose of defending carrier groups wouldn't be fast enough to keep up with a carrier group?
The Queen Elizabeth class officially had a speed of 25kts plus, yet we know the QEs have been clocked at 32kts. Stated speeds and actual speeds aren't the same thing.
 
The Queen Elizabeth class officially had a speed of 25kts plus, yet we know the QEs have been clocked at 32kts. Stated speeds and actual speeds aren't the same thing.
BAE were part of the Carrier Alliance, I should hope they know or the MoD have told them how fast the carriers really are.
 
BAE were part of the Carrier Alliance, I should hope they know or the MoD have told them how fast the carriers really are.
Compartmentalization and classification will be the death of the program yet.

UK Official Secrets Act has worse penalties than anything on the US side.
 
BAE were part of the Carrier Alliance, I should hope they know or the MoD have told them how fast the carriers really are.
That wasn't my point - which was why would we (and the rest of the public) know what the requirements specify for speeds for Type 83? And second to that, that anything published may bear only a tangential relationship to the actual facts.
 
That wasn't my point - which was why would we (and the rest of the public) know what the requirements specify for speeds for Type 83? And second to that, that anything published may bear only a tangential relationship to the actual facts.
Oh sorry my bad, I see the problem. It doesn't really matter whether it's 30 or 25 or 32 kts, the point still stands that it shouldn't be difficult to match that speed with a destroyer's powerplant. T26 reaches its maximum speed on a single MT30 so installing a second should do the job.
EDIT: I've found a RR press release that indicates that MT30 has 3-3.5x the generated power of the WR21 turbines in T45.
 
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