A question about Russian technological approaches

[greenmartian2017]

Here's a question (probably reflects my lack of knowledge about the subject), but here goes. (This is linked to the pre-computer-aided-design era.)

In the USSR era, did Russian aerospace engineers build aircraft mock-ups? By this I mean like the Americans are well known for. Sometimes made out of wood, perhaps fully presented (or sometimes, a mock-up of a "half aircraft" like the Boeing SST), while at other times made out of at times partially metal materials.

Or did the Russians usually not build mock-ups in the vein like the Americans, and actually built direct full-size/full-scale models to work with? That contained all the elements an actual anticipated aircraft might have?

Might there be a book or books that might have appropriate illustrations speaking to this?

Thanks.

 

[Grey Havoc]

They generally used a mixture of mock-ups and models, I believe, though the exact approach varied depending on the design bureau involved.

 

[overscan (PaulMM)]

They did make extensive use of mockups. I wouldn't say there was any significant difference between East and West on this score. Equally, the Brits built mockups, so I wouldn't say it was a US specific thing.