For the sake of transparency, this is what occurred.
The moderator who took this case (Jemiba) did not feel it warranted action. Swearing is not currently banned in the forum rules. Swearing at others clearly is covered by rules on behaviour, but in this case there was no breach of forum rules.
Now, when closing a report there are two different "comment" fields. One is a comment to other moderators (as seen above), this is mandatory. There is a status (resolved, rejected) which is set. There is also an option to send a comment to the reporter.
If the results of your moderation are visible (post is amended or deleted), no user comment is needed.
If you are rejecting the report and taking no action, you should send an optional comment to that effect to the user. Here's an example - I report Steelpillow's deliberate "swearing" post. Moderator sees this:
Moderator views the reported post and decides on action:
In the alert feed you will get a message like this:
Now in your case Jemiba did not send an alert. As I said above, if the report receives no obvious action I try to remember to send an alert, but perhaps other moderators aren't doing this.
I suggest instead we always tick the alert box whatever action is taken. This should help users understand that their report was actioned.
If your report was rejected but you strongly disagree with this, you can just report the post again, and add a comment that you disagree with the previous moderation.
There is the Staff Online box which will let you know if any staff member is online - you could message them.
You can find the list of staff by clicking Members - Staff Members.
There is no hierarchy as such, but as the site owner I am the final arbiter of decisions. Jemiba and I do the majority of moderation at present.
I'll note that your tactic of deliberately swearing in a post failed to generate a single complaint from anyone, and hence passed unnoticed by me until you decided to bring it up. You can decide if you want me to edit the swear words out for you or if you can do it yourself.